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Psych Ch 4 Vocab

States of Consciousness

QuestionAnswer
consciousness our awareness of various cognitive processes, such as sleeping, dreaming, concentrating, and making decisions
waking consciousness mental state that encompasses the thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that occur when we are awake and reasonably alert
altered state of consciousness mental state that differs noticeably from normal waking consciousness
daydreams apparently effortless shifts in attention away from the here-and-now into a private world of make-believe
REM (paradoxical) sleep sleep stage characterized by rapid eye movements and increased dreaming
non-REM (NREM) sleep non-rapid-eye-movement stages of sleep that alternate with REM stages during the sleep cycle
insomnia sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or remaining asleep throughout the night
apnea sleep disorder characterized by breathing difficulty during the night and feelings of exhaustion during the day
narcolepsy hereditary sleep disorder characterized by sudden nodding off during the day and sudden loff of muscle tone following moments of emotional excitement
dreams vivid visual and auditory experiences that oddur primarily during REM periods of sleep
psychoactive drugs chemical substances that change moods and perceptions
substance abuse a pattern of drug use that diminishes the ability to fulfill responsibilities at home or at work or school, that results in repeated use of a drug in dangerous situations, or that leads to legal difficulties related to drug use
substance dependence a pattern of compulsive drug taking that results in tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, or other specific symptoms for at least a year
tolerance phenomenon whereby higher doeses of a drug are required to produce its original effects or to prevent withdrawal symptoms
withdrawal symptoms unpleasant physical or psychological effects that follow the discontinuance of a dependence-producing substance
depressants chemicals that slow down behavior or cognitive processes
alcohol depressant that is the intoxicating ingredient in whickey, beer, wine, and other fermented or distilled liquors
barbiturates potentially deadly depresssants, first used for their sedative and anticonvulsant properties, now used only to treat such conditions as epilepsy and arthritis
opiates drugs, such as opium and heroin, derived from the opium poppy, that dull the senses and induce feelings of euphoria, well-being, and relaxation; synthetic drugs resembling opium derivatives are also classified as opiates
stimulants drugs, including amphetamines and cocaine , that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and produce feelings of optimism and boundless energy
amphetamines stimulant drugs that initially produce "rushes" of euphoria often followed by sudden "crashes" and, sometimes, severe depression
cocaine drug derived from the coca plant that, while producing a sense of euphoria by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system, also leads to anxiety, depression, and addictive cravings
hallucinogens any of a number of drugs, such as LSD and mescaline, that sitort visual and auditory perception
lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) hallucinogenic or "psychedelic" drug that produces hallucinations and delusions similar to those occuring in a psychotic state
marijuana a mild hallucinogen that produces a "high" often characterized by feelings of euphoria, a sense of well-being, and swings in mood from gaeity to relaxation; may also cause feelings of anxiety and paranoia
meditation any of the various methods of concentration, reflection, or focusing of thoughts undertaken to suppress the activity of the sympathetic nervous system
hypnosis trancelike state in which a person responds readily to suggestions
Created by: 791715400
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