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PSC100 CH6.1-6.3
What is memory, The Memory Paradox, Making Memory work
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| memory | system and processes involved in encoding, storing, and retrieving info |
| short term memory | -limited capacity and short duration (sec) -info fades if not attended to or moved to LTM -phonological store in the WM |
| long term memory | vast capacity and long duration (decades or a lifetime) unlike STM, info is stored in and retrieved from long-term storage |
| fallible | property of memory to be lost or distored |
| mnemonists | individuals who are memory athletes, using mnemonic strategies |
| schema | items that are organized into a concept; memory packet of items in a stored domain |
| method of loci | using locations within a familiar space as placeholders for info that you want to remember; each location serves as a retrieval cue |
| visualization | creating novel mental images to represent aspects of the encoded info |
| encoding | multi-stage process that allows us ultimately to store info in LTM |
| sensory memory | a highly detailed but short-lived impression of sensory info |
| iconic memory | visual sensory memory, one type of sensory memory |
| chunking | organizing a stream of data (letters, numbers, words) into meaningful combinations |
| elaboration | linking the material you are trying to learn to knowledge already in your long-term memory |
| depth of encoding | depends on what you attend to during encoding |
| levels of processing effect | the more deeply you encode an item, the better your memory for it |
| metamemory | an understanding of how our own memory works, helps use memory strategies more effectively |
| google effect | when ppl expect to be able to access relevant info on the internet or a computer, memory for that info is lowered |
| spacing effect | studying is shorter, spaced-out study sessions yields better memory than does cramming |
| retrieval | accessing memories from storage |
| testing effect | enhanced memory after retrieval practice |
| generation effect | enhanced memory for a self-generated list of items, relative to items that were passively memorized |
| retrieval cues | clues in the environment or in our stored representations of experiences |
| context depended memory | improved memory when the retrieval context matches the learning context |
| state dependent memory | improved memory when internal state at retrieval matches internal state at encoding |
| mood dependent memory | memory improved when emotional state is similar for encoding and retrieval |
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