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psy 311: exam 3
physiological psychology chapters 13-17
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| where are signs of alzheimer's disease first noticed? | medial temporal lobe |
| in alzheimer's, death usually occurs from what? | pneumonia and other infections |
| what are the charactieristics of alzheimer's disease at the cellular level? | plauques & neurofibrillary tangles |
| attention and learning systems rely on _____________ | acetylcholine |
| _______ are clumps of amyloid that cluster among axon terminals and interfere with neural transmission | plaques |
| this is a protein that forms inside neurons and are associated with the death of brain cells | neurofibrillary tangles |
| what is the very first sign of alzheimer's disease? | declarative memory loss |
| in ______ alzheimer's disease, patients are completely dependent on other for care | severe |
| declarative memory loss, confusion, trouble handling money, poor judgment, mood changes, and increased anxiety are all signs of | mild alzheimer's disease |
| in ________ alzheimer's disease, patients may have trouble recognizing people, difficulty with language and thoughts, restlessness, agitation, wandering, and repetitive statements | moderate |
| the cochlea is composed of which two membranes? | tectorial membrane & basilar membrane |
| another word for hair cells, are _______ | cillium |
| there are approximately _,___ inner hair cells | 3,400 |
| there are approximately __,___ outer hair cells | 12,000 |
| what are the two streams of sound processing? | dorsal stream and ventral stream |
| the dorsal stream is sound ____________ and it terminates in the ________ ________ ______ | localization; posterior parietal cortex |
| the ventral stream analyzes _______ sounds and it terminates in the ________ ________ ____ | anterior temporal lobe |
| the ease of a child's language acquisition is due to a brain-based sensitivity to ________ ________ patterns | rhythmic language |
| what did Noam Chomsky create in the 1980's? | a language acquisition device for children |
| mirror neurons respond when we both ______ in specific acts and while we _______ those acts | engage; observe |
| aphasia is the inability to do what? | speak |
| damage to the speech areas of the brain causes what? | aphasia |
| wernicke's aphasia causes difficulties in ____________ and _________ speech | understanding; producing |
| broca's aphasia causes difficulty ________ speech | producing |
| what kind of aphasia would cause flowing speech that makes no sense accompanied by not being able to follow basic instructions? | wernicke's aphasia |
| what kind of aphasia would result in someone being able to understand what was said, but not be able to respond? | broca's aphasia |
| people with phonological dyslexia may have difficulties doing what? | sounding out unfamiliar words (such as colonel, bologna, cliche) |
| in people with PTSD and a history of child abuse, their ___________ volume is reduced | hippocampal |
| in ______ ______ _____, stress causes excessive sympathetic activity that send the heart into fibrillation | sudden cardiac death |
| stress activates the ____________-_________-_______ axis | hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal |
| the ____________ controls the flight or flight response | hypothalamus |
| the fight or flight response is also known as what? | autonomic nervous system |
| ____________ and ______________ increase heart output and liberate glucose from the muscles for additional energy | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| females have a _______ correlation with estrogen and testosterone | positive |
| progesterone increases have been related to decreases in ________ and ______ | anxiety and stress |
| defensive aggression is based in ____, while predatory aggression is based _______ | fear; control |
| memory loss is proportional to the amount of ______ destroyed | cortex |
| long-term memories are stored throughout the cortex and they are __________ and __________ | distributed and redundant |
| retrograde amnesia is the inability to remember ______ memories | prior |
| anterograde amnesia is the inability to form ____ ________ | new memories |
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bellabarkley
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