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RADT425 Ch. 11 & 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the phrase to remember what most of the cranial positioning lines are? | "Go Out In A Limo Man" |
| Where do most of the cranial positioning lines originate from? | EAM (External Auditory Meatus) "Ear hole" |
| Where is the inion located? | occipital bone (posterior portion of head) |
| What positioning cranial line is across the front of the face? | The GAL (Glabelloaveolar) |
| For a true PA or AP Cranium, the petrous ridges should be seen __________________ on the radiograph. | Superimposed over the supraorbital margins (SOM) |
| For a PA 0° Cranium, the _____ positioning line should be perpendicular to the IR. | OML |
| For a PA 0° Cranium, the CR should be parallel to the __________. | OML |
| For a PA 0° Cranium, the CR should exit the __________. | Glabella |
| For a PA 0° Cranium, the distances from the lateral margin of the _________ to the lateral cranial _________ should be equal on both sides. | orbits, cranial cortices (also, where are the eyes looking?) |
| For a PA 0° Cranium, if the chin was not tucked enough, the petrous ridges would be demonstrated ____________ to the supraorbital margins. | inferior |
| For a PA 0° Cranium, if the chin was tucked too much, the petrous ridges would be demonstrated ____________ to the supraorbital margins. | superior |
| For a PA 0° Cranium, if the patient cannot tuck chin appropriately, you can adjust the CR to be: | parallel to the OML line |
| For an AP 0° Trauma Cranium, the CR should be parallel to the __________. | OML |
| For an AP 0° Trauma Cranium, the CR should exit at the __________. | glabella |
| For an AP 0° Trauma Cranium, the petrous ridges should be seen __________________ on the radiograph. | Superimposed over the supraorbital margins (SOM) |
| For a PA Cranium “Caldwell Method,” the CR should have what angle? | CR 15° caudal |
| For an AP Cranium “Caldwell Method,” the CR should have what angle? | CR 15° cephalic |
| For a PA Cranium “Caldwell Method,” the CR should exit the ____________. | nasion |
| For a PA Cranium “Caldwell Method,” what positioning line should be perpendicular to the IR? | OML |
| For an AP or PA Cranium “Caldwell Method,” the petrous ridges should be seen __________________ on the radiograph. | in the lower 1/3 of orbits |
| For a Trauma AP Cranium "Caldwell," the CR should begin by angling so it is parallel with the _______, and from this angulation, adjust the CR ____° ___________. | OML, 15° cephalad (since the patient is AP instead of PA) |
| For the Cranium AP Axial "Towne Method," the _____________ should be centered within the _______________. | dorsum sellae , foramen magnum |
| For the Cranium AP Axial "Towne Method," the CR should be angled 30° caudal to _______ or 37° caudal to _________. | CR 30° caudal to OML or 37° to IOML |
| For the Cranium AP Axial "Towne Method," the CR should be centered ____________. | CR 2 ½ inches above glabella |
| If patient cannot get OML perpendicular to IR for the Cranium AP Axial "Towne Method," it is important that you do not exceed _______ or you risk excessive distortion. | 45° |
| For a Lateral Cranium, the __________ should be optimally seen in profile. | Sella Turcica |
| For a Lateral Cranium, the CR should be centered _____________. | 2 inches superior to the EAM |
| For a Lateral Cranium, the _________ should be perpendicular to the front edge of the IR. | IOML |
| For a Lateral Cranium, the _______ should be parallel to the IR. | MSP |
| What are the 5 Common Positioning Errors for headwork? | Rotation, Tilt, Excessive flexion, Excessive extension, and Incorrect CR angle |
| For a PA Mandible, the CR should be centered so it _____________. | exits the junction of the lips |
| For a PA Mandible, the _____ positioning line should be perpendicular to the IR. | OML |
| For a PA Mandible, the petrous ridges should be seen __________________ on the radiograph. | Superimposed over the supraorbital margins (SOM) |
| For a PA Mandible, as it pertains to rotation, the mandibular ramus demonstrating the least width will be the side the face was turned ___________ (toward/away). | toward |
| For a Trauma AP Mandible, for a patient who cannot adjust the head to accurately align to the the OML, angle the CR parallel to the __________. | OML |
| For the AP Axial Mandible "Townes," the CR should be angled ____° caudal to OML, or ______° degrees caudal for IOML. | CR 35° caudal to OML or 42° to IOML |
| For the AP Axial Mandible "Townes," the CR should be centered: | 1 inch superior to glabella |
| For the Superoinferior Tangential (Axial) Nasal Bones, the _____ positioning line should be perpendicular to IR. | GAL |
| For the Superoinferior Tangential (Axial) Nasal Bones, the CR should be centered to the: | Nasion |
| The Superoinferior Tangential (Axial) Nasal Bones view is good for demonstrating: | possible medial-lateral displacement |
| For Facial Bones & Sinuses: PA & AP Projection "Water's Method," the petrous ridges should be demonstrated inferior to the __________________. | maxillary sinuses |
| For Facial Bones & Sinuses: Parietoacanthial "Waters," what positioning line is perpendicular to the IR? | MML |
| For Facial Bones & Sinuses: Parietoacanthial "Waters," the CR is perpendicular to the IR and should exit at the: | Acanthion |
| For Facial Bones & Sinuses: Parietoacanthial "Waters," the petrous ridges should be seen: | inferior to the maxillary sinuses |
| Open-mouth Waters view is used to visualize the _______________ sinuses. | sphenoid |
| For Facial Bones & Sinuses: Modified Parietoacanthial "Modified Waters," what positioning line is perpendicular to the IR? | LML |
| For Facial Bones & Sinuses: Modified Parietoacanthial "Modified Waters," the CR should exit the: | Acanthion |
| For Facial Bones & Sinuses: Modified Parietoacanthial "Modified Waters," the petrous ridges will be demonstrated within the ________________ sinuses rather than inferior to them. | maxillary |
| For Lateral Facial Bones & Sinuses, the CR should be centered to the: | Zygoma |
| For Lateral Facial Bones & Sinuses, what line should be parallel to the IR? | MSP |
| For Lateral Facial Bones & Sinuses, what positioning line should be perpendicular to the IR? | IPL |
| For Lateral Facial Bones & Sinuses, what side should be closest to the IR? | Side of interest |
| To demonstrate air-fluid levels within the sinus cavities, the lateral projection should be taken in an _______ position with a horizontal CR. | upright |
| For an SMV – Submentovertex – Zygomatic Arches, you should rest the patient's head on ______ of the skull. | vertex |
| For an SMV – Submentovertex – Zygomatic Arches, what positioning line should be parallel to the IR? | IOML |
| For an SMV – Submentovertex – Zygomatic Arches, the CR should be centered: | 1.5” inferior to mandibular symphysis |
| For a Hypersthenic (Large) patient, the abdomen is broad & deep from __________ to ___________. | anterior to posterior |
| For a Hypersthenic (Large) patient, the stomach is positioned: | high & transverse |
| For a Hypersthenic (Large) patient, the Colic flexures & transverse colon tend to be ______ (low/high) in the abdomen. | high |
| For a Asthenic (Very Slender) patient, the abdomen is ________. | narrow |
| For a Asthenic (Very Slender) patient, the stomach is ______ & runs _________ along left side. | low & runs vertically |
| For a Asthenic (Very Slender) patient, Small & large intestinal structures tend to be positioned ________ (low/high) in the abdomen. | low |
| For a Sthenic (Average) patient, the abdomen is less broad than the ____________ habitus & not as narrow as the ________ habitus. | hypersthenic, asthenic |
| For a Sthenic (Average) patient, Small & large intestinal structures tend to be ___________ in the abdomen. | centered |
| For abdomen radiographs, it is ideal to expose on full __________ so the diaphragm’s position moves higher. This way, we get a more uniform contrast of the abdominal structures | expiration |
| For an Esophagram, The ________ position moves the esophagus from beneath the thoracic vertebrae positioning it between the vertebrae and the shadow of the heart. | 35-40 RAO |
| A Lateral Esophagram is used for visualizing the: | middle and the distal esophagus |
| For an Esophagram, we should use the ____________position if we want to visualize the proximal esophagus. | swimmer’s lateral |
| What trick can you use to remember where air and barium is located in the stomach when the patient is in different positions? | Left hand |
| For a Stomach and Duodenum: PA Oblique Projection (RAO Position), Barium fills the: | Pylorus, duodenal bulb |
| For a Stomach and Duodenum: PA Oblique Projection (RAO Position), Air fills the: | Fundus |
| For a Stomach and Duodenum: PA Projection, Bariums fills the: | Body and pylorus |
| For a Stomach and Duodenum: PA Projection, Air fills the: | Fundus |
| For a Stomach and Duodenum: Lateral Projection (Right Lateral Position), Barium fills the: | Pylorus, duodenal bulb, and descending duodenum |
| For a Stomach and Duodenum: Lateral Projection (Right Lateral Position), Air fills the: | Fundus |
| For a Stomach and Duodenum: AP Oblique Projection (LPO Position), Barium fills the: | Fundus |
| For a Stomach and Duodenum: AP Oblique Projection (LPO Position), Air fills the: | Pylorus, duodenal bulb, and descending duodenum |
| For a Stomach and Duodenum: AP Projection, Barium fills the: | Fundus |
| For a Stomach and Duodenum: AP Projection, Air fills the: | Pylorus and duodenum |
| A small Bowel study ends once contrast reaches the ___________ and this is located in what quadrant? | Cecum / Ileocecal Valve, RLQ |
| What part of the small intestine contains villi and has a feathery like appearance on a small bowel radigraph? | Jejunum |
| For a Large Intestine: PA Oblique Projection, what colic flexure are we visualizing with the patient in an RAO position? | right colic flexure |
| For a Large Intestine: AP Oblique Projection, what colic flexure are we visualizing with the patient in an LPO position? | right colic flexure |
| For a Large Intestine: PA Oblique Projection, what colic flexure are we visualizing with the patient in an LAO position? | left colic flexure |
| For a Large Intestine: AP Oblique Projection, what colic flexure are we visualizing with the patient in an RPO position? | left colic flexure |
Created by:
rdwilliams
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