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PSC100 CH 5.1

CH 5.1 Cognitive Control

TermDefinition
cognitive control ability to orchestrate thought and action in accordance w internal goals
proactive control prepare to exercise control in future
reactive control exercise control in face of current challenge
cognitive load the difficulty of a task
cognitive overlap how much the demands of the two tasks compete for the same kinds of mental resources
dual-task experiments examines multitasking, subjects do two tasks simultaneously
cognitive interference occurs when cog load is high or when two tasks overlap in the resources required
automatic process performing a task that requires minimal cognitive effort
controlled process performing a task that requires a greater cognitive effort
inhibition ability to suppress info, thoughts, or actions that may interfere with ongoing behavior
stop-signal task task used to measure inhibition
continuous performance task requires inhibition, where observers must respond diff to an unpredictable target, reveals decrements in sustained attention/vigilance
conflict monitoring when cognitive control processes detect interference
conflict resolution when cognitive control processes reduce interference usually via inhibition (suppression)
Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) central conflict monitor in the brain, active during Stroop, stop-signal, flanker tasks
Dorsal prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) communicates with ACC during conflict resolution; inhibits distracting word interference; the more active, the smaller the Stroop interference that's observed
error detection (the "oh no" response) when cognitive fails, the ACC keeps track/detects the failure
prediction error ACC becomes active when you do not receive the reward or outcome you predicted
Error-Related Negativity seen in EEG when people make errors
psychological refractory period there's a fundamental limitation of information processing; delay in response 2 when stimuli are less than ~300ms apart, brain still working on processing S1
preparation effect you're faster if you have more time to prepare to switch
residual switch cost even with a lot of time, still some switch cost
Created by: user-1752726
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