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PSC100 CH 5.1
CH 5.1 Cognitive Control
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cognitive control | ability to orchestrate thought and action in accordance w internal goals |
| proactive control | prepare to exercise control in future |
| reactive control | exercise control in face of current challenge |
| cognitive load | the difficulty of a task |
| cognitive overlap | how much the demands of the two tasks compete for the same kinds of mental resources |
| dual-task experiments | examines multitasking, subjects do two tasks simultaneously |
| cognitive interference | occurs when cog load is high or when two tasks overlap in the resources required |
| automatic process | performing a task that requires minimal cognitive effort |
| controlled process | performing a task that requires a greater cognitive effort |
| inhibition | ability to suppress info, thoughts, or actions that may interfere with ongoing behavior |
| stop-signal task | task used to measure inhibition |
| continuous performance task | requires inhibition, where observers must respond diff to an unpredictable target, reveals decrements in sustained attention/vigilance |
| conflict monitoring | when cognitive control processes detect interference |
| conflict resolution | when cognitive control processes reduce interference usually via inhibition (suppression) |
| Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) | central conflict monitor in the brain, active during Stroop, stop-signal, flanker tasks |
| Dorsal prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) | communicates with ACC during conflict resolution; inhibits distracting word interference; the more active, the smaller the Stroop interference that's observed |
| error detection (the "oh no" response) | when cognitive fails, the ACC keeps track/detects the failure |
| prediction error | ACC becomes active when you do not receive the reward or outcome you predicted |
| Error-Related Negativity | seen in EEG when people make errors |
| psychological refractory period | there's a fundamental limitation of information processing; delay in response 2 when stimuli are less than ~300ms apart, brain still working on processing S1 |
| preparation effect | you're faster if you have more time to prepare to switch |
| residual switch cost | even with a lot of time, still some switch cost |
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