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Psychology 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| brainstem | The oldest part and central core of the brain; it begins where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull and is responsible for automatic survival functions |
| medulla | Located at the base of the brainstem, it controls basic life-support functions like heartbeat and breathing |
| reticular formation | A nerve network in the brain stem that plays an important role in controlling wakefulness and arousal |
| case study | A research technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. |
| computerized axial tomography (CT or CAT) | A series of x-ray photography taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body. |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among types of soft tissue; this allows us to see structures within the brain. |
| electroencephalogram (EEG) | An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface; electrodes placed on the scalp measure these waves. |
| positron emission tomography (PET) scan | A visual display of brain activity. |
| thalamus | The brains sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex. |
| cerebellum | The "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; it helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance |
| limbic system | A ring of structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral cortex; it helps regulate important functions such as memory, fear, aggression, hunger, and thirst, and it includes the hypothalamus, the hippocampus, and the amygdala.. |
| hypothalamus | A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it helps regulate many of the body's maintenance activities, such as eating, drinking, and body temperature and is linked to emotion. |
| hippocampus | A neural center located in the limbic system that wraps around the back of the thalamus; it helps process new memories for permanent storage. |
| amygdala | An almond-shaped neural cluster in the limbic system that controls emotional responses, such as fear and anger |
| cerebral cortex | The intricate fabric of interconnected neurons that form the body's ultimate control and information-processing center. |
| longitudinal fissure | The long crevice that divides the cerebral cortex into the left and right hemisphere. |
| corpus callosum | The large band of neutral tissue that connects the two brain hemispheres and allows them to communicate with each other. |
| frontal lobes | The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead that is involved in planning and judgement; it includes the motor cortex |
| parietal lobes | The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; it includes the somatosensory cortex and general association areas used for processing information. |
| occipital lobes | The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; it includes the primary visual processing areas of the brain. |
| temporal lobes | The portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; it includes the auditory (hearing) areas of the brain. |
| motor cortex | A strip of brain tissue area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements. |
| somatosensory cortex | A brain area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations. |
| Broca's area | A brain area of the left frontal lobe that directs the muscle movements involved in speech. |
| Wernicke's area | A brain area of the left temporal lobe involved in language comprehension and expressions. |
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