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Neuroanatomy Lab #2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Body | bring info into the neuron, and the axon which sends info. |
| Processes | one part called dendrite, other part called axon |
| Axon | can only be one |
| Axon Hillock | region where plasma membrane generates nerve impules |
| Dendrites | where a neuron recieves input from other cells |
| Myelin | wraps around axon |
| Nodes of Ranvier | gaps in between |
| Synaptic Knobs | at the ends of a neuron structure |
| Epinerium | surrounds entire nerve |
| Perineurium | surrounds fasicle |
| Endoneurium | surrounds individual axons |
| Fascicle | bundle of axons (fasciculi is plural form) |
| Sensory Nerve | sensory info only |
| Motor Nerve | motor nerve only |
| Mixed Nerve | both sensory and motor info. |
| Gray Matter | (unmyelinated) mainly cell bodies and dendrites |
| White Matter | myelinated axons |
| Cerebral Hemispheres | left and right sides of the brain |
| Sulci (in general) | indentations |
| Central Sulcus | seperates frontal and parietal lobes |
| Gyri (in general) | elevated regions |
| Precentral Gyrus | anterior to central sulcus |
| Postcentral Gyrus | posterior to central sulcus |
| Cerebral Cortex | superficial region of cerebrum |
| Primary Motor Cortex | contained in precentral gyrus |
| Primary Somatosensory Cortex | contained in postcentral gyrus |
| Visual Cortex | in occipitual lobe |
| Auditory Area | in temporal lobe |
| White Matter Tract | myelinated axons (tract in CNS is the equivalent of 'nerve' in PNS) |
| Projection | runs vertically |
| Association | connect gyri/ lobes in same hemisphere |
| Commissural | connect lobes in different hemispheres |
| Corpus Callosum | a broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain |
| Venticular System | spaces in CNS filled with CSF |
| Lateral (2) | in cerebrum |
| Third | between 2 sides of thalamus in diencephalon |
| Cerebral Aqueduct | connects 3rd and 4th ventricles |
| Fourth | anterior to cerebellum |
| Central Canal | begins in brain stem, runs through spinal cord |
| Arachnoid Granulations/villi | extensions of arachnoid mater that allows CSF to flow from subarachnoid space into superior sagittal sinus |
| Superior Sagittal Sinus | large vein in subdural space |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| Longitudinal | midsagittal (left and right) |
| Lateral (sulcus) | outlining temporal lobe |
| Transverse | separating cerebrum and cerebellum |
| Frontal | deep of frontal lobe |
| Parietal | deep of parietal lobe |
| Temporal | deep of temporal lobe |
| Occipital | deep of occipital lobe |
| Central Nervous System | the brain and spinal cord |
| Brain | makes up CNS |
| Spinal Cord | connects to brain and lower back |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | consists of nerves that branch out from brain and spinal cord |
| Cranial Nerves | 12 cranial nerves, components of PNS |
| Spinal Nerves | mixed nerves that interact directly with the spinal cord |
| Afferent Division | transmits impulses from peripheral organs |
| Efferent Division | transmits impulses from the CNS out peripheral |
| Somatic | a subdivision of your peripheral nervous system |
| Autonomic (ANS) | a component of PNS that regulates involuntary process |
| Parasympathetic | predominates in quiet "resting and digest" conditions |
| Sympathetic | role in responding to dangerous or stressful situations |
| Meninges (brain and spinal cord) | connective tissue wrapping |
| Dura Mater | most superficial |
| Falx cerebri | extends into longitudinal fissure |
| Tentorium Cerebelli | "tent over the cerebellum", extends into transverse fissure |
| Subdural Space | between dura & arachnoid mater, contains sup. sigittal sinus |
| Arachnoid Mater | middle layer, web-like appearance |
| Subarachnoid Space | filled with CSF |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | circulates from ventricles into subarachnoid space |
| Pia Mater | deepest layer, directly on top of brain and spinal cord |
| Third Ventricle (Diencephalon) | space between 2 sides of thalamus (filled with CSF) |
| Thalamus | 2 large groups of cell bodies |
| Intermediate Mass | connects 2 sides of thalamus together |
| Hypothalamus | below thalamus, cone shaped |
| Infundibulum | connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus |
| Pituitary Gland | inferior to hypothalamus |
| Optic Chiasma | where optic nerves cross over (forms an X) |
| Pineal Glands | posterior to thalamus |
| Midbrain | part of brainstem |
| Corpora Quadrigemina | "4 twin bodies", posterior |
| Superior Colliculi | vision |
| Inferior Colliculi | hearing |
| Pons | anterior bump on brainstem (shaped like a "P") |
| Medulla Oblongata | inferior region of brainstem, continuous with spinal cord @foramen magnum |
| Central Canal | runs inferior to 4th ventricle through medulla oblongata into spinal cord. |
| Cerebellum | little brain |
| Cerebellar Hemisphseres | left and right side |
| Vermis | connects 2 cerebellar hemispheres |
| Folia | "folds" on surface, similar to gyri of cerebrum |
| Arbor Vitae | branching white matter |
| Basal Nuclei | collection of cell bodies deep in cerebrum |
| Posterior Median Sulcus | indentation in back, middle of spinal cord |
| Anterior Median Fissure | larger indentation on front, middle of spinal cord |
| Central Canal | canal in center of spinal cord, started at 4th ventricle, contains CSF |
| Gray Matter (Spinal Cord) | groups of cell bodies deep in spinal cord "horns" |
| Posterior Horn | the dorsal, grey matter section of the spinal cord |
| Lateral Horn | small lateral projection of grey matter located between the dorsal and ventral horn |
| Anterior Horn | motor neuron that projects from the anterior portion of the grey matter in the spinal cord to the skeletal muscle |
| Conus Medullaris | inferior end of spinal cord at L2 |
| Spinal Nerves | formed by ventral root (motor) and dorsal root (sensory) |
| Dorsal Root Ganglion | nodule- like structures found on the posterior roots of each spinal nerve |
| Exit Through Intervertebral Foramina | where the nerve roots exits the spine |
| Cauda Equina | "horses tail"- axons that continue within vertebral canal inferior to spinal cord (below L2) |
| Plexus | network of nerves where axons are redistributed |
| Purpose | damage to 1 spinal nerve won't completely paralyze a muscle of cause total loss of sensation |
| Cervical Plexus | in neck region |
| Phrenic Nerve | innervates diaphragm |
| Brachial Plexus | supplies upper limb |
| Lumbar Plexus | from nerves exiting below lumbar vertebrae |
| Obturator Nerve (adductors) | runs through obturator foramen |
| Femoral Nerve (quadriceps) | runs anterior to femur |
| Sacral Plexus | includes nerves exciting sacrum |
| Sciatic Nerve (hamstring) | runs posterior to femur |
Created by:
bkimbrell04
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