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Psychology Module 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| scientific method | A method of learning about the world through the application of critical thinking and tools such as observation, experimentation, and statistical analysis. |
| confirmation bias | Tendency to focus on information that supports preconceptions. |
| critical thinking | Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. |
| participant bias | A tendency for research participants to behave in a certain way because they know they are being observed or they believe they know what the researcher wants. |
| naturalistic observation | Observing and recording behavior in the naturally occurring situations without manipulating or controlling the situation. |
| case study | A research technique in which on person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. |
| correlational study | A research project strategy that investigates the degree to which two variables are related to each other. |
| survey method | A research technique that questions a sample of people to collect information about their attitudes or behaviors. |
| population | The entire group of people about whom you would like to know something about. |
| random sample | A sample that fairly represents a population because each member of the population has an equal chance of being included. |
| longitudinal study | A research technique that follows the same group of individuals over a long period of time. |
| cross-sectional study | A research technique that compares individuals from different age groups at one time. |
| experiment | A research method in which the researcher manipulates and controls certain variables to observe the effect on other variables. |
| hypothesis | A testable prediction about the outcome of research. |
| operational definition | An explanation of the exact procedures used to make a variable specific and measurable for research purposes |
| independent variable (IV) | The variable that the researcher will actively manipulate and, if the hypotheses is correct, that will cause a change in the dependent variable. |
| dependent variable (DV) | The variable that should show the effect of the independent variable. |
| experimental group | The participants in a experiment who are exposed to the independent variable. |
| control group | The participants in an experiment who are not exposed to the independent variable. |
| random assignment | A procedure for creating groups that allow the researcher to control for individual differences among research participants. |
| confounding variable | In an experiment, a variable other than the independent variable that could produce a change in the dependent variable. |
| double-blind procedure | A research procedure in which both the data collectors and the research participants do not know the expected outcomes of the experiment. |
| placebo | An inactive pill that has no effect. |
| replicate | To repeat the essence of a research study to see whether the results can be reliable reproduced. |
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