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Positive Inotropics
Possitive Inotropic drugs and terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atrial Fibrillation or "Atrial Flutter" | A common cardiac dysrhythmia involving atrial contractions that are so rapid (several hundred/min) they prevent full reploarization of myocardial fibers between heartbeats. Several areas besides SA node acting as pacemaker. |
| Automaticity | A property of specialized excitable tissue that allows self-activation through the spontaneous development of an action potention, as in the pacemaker cells of the heart. All cells in the heart can depolarize spntaneously, this is automacity. |
| Cardiac Glycosides | digozin [Lanoxin]- Not used as much now bc toxicity.Glycosides (Carbohydrates that yield a sugar and a nonsugar upon hydrolysis) that are derived from the plant species Digitalis purpurea and are used in the treatment of heart disease. |
| Chronotropic Drugs | Drugs that influence the rate of the heartbeat. Positive chronotropic drugs increase the heart rate, whereas negative chronotropic decrease it. |
| Dromotropic Drugs | Drugs that influence the conduction of electrical impulses. Positive dromotopic drugs enhance (accelerate) the conduction of electrical impulses in the heart. |
| Ejection Fraction | The amount of blood ejected with each contraction compaired with the total ventricular filling volume. It is an index of left ventricular function. Normal fraction is 65%. |
| Heart Failure | Cardiac pumping is impaired bc MI, ischemic heart disease or cardiomyopathy. Mainly treated by ACE inhibitors and diuretics. |
| Inotropic Drugs | Drugs that influence the force or energy of musclular contractions, particularly contraction of the heart muscle. Positive inotropic drugs increase myocardial contractility. Benificial in treating the failing heart muscle. |
| Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume | The total amount of blood in the ventricle just before contraction (the preload). Ventricular diastole begins with the onset of the second heart sound and ends with the onset of the first heart sound. |
| Refractory Period | Period when pulse generator (SA node) is unresponsive to an input signal of specified amplitude and during which it is impossible for the myocardium to respond. The cardiac cell is readjusting its NA and K levels and cannot depoliarize during this period. |
| Therapeutic Index | The range of drug levels in the blood that is considered beneficial as opposed to toxic or ineffective. |
| Cardiac Output (CO) | Stroke Volume (SV) X Heart Rate (HR) |
| Blood Pressure (BP) | Cardiac Output (C) X Systemic Vascular Resistance SVR |
| Systolic (dysfunction) | Contraction Phase of the heart increased heart size, decreased contractility, back up into lungs, high afterload, more common than diastolic. |
| Diastolic (dysfunction) | Relaxation phase of heart cyctle (coronary arteries fill) Normal heart size, normal contractility, backs up to peripheral high preload, less common. |
| CHF | Altered ventricular ejection related to low SV or low ventricular filling |
| Preload | Volume of blood ventricle pumps (Measured by Central Venous Pressure CVP f, Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure PCWP, Systemic Ventricular Resistance SVR) |
| Central Venous Pressure CVP | felt in right atrium, normall 0-8mm/hg. If above this you have fluid overload. |
| Afterload | Resistance (pressure) against which ventricle must pump (PVR) |
Created by:
Brookemwebb
Popular Pharmacology sets