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PSYC Chapter One
MTA PSYC 1011 Chapter One: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ad Hoc Immunizing Hypothesis | Changing a hypothesis by using loopholes to defend a theory from falsification. |
| Applied Research | Research that's used to be applied to real world problems. |
| Basic Research | Research examining functions of the mind. |
| Behaviorism | A school of thought focusing on general laws of learning through observable behavior. |
| Belief Perseverance | The tendency to stick to initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them. |
| Cognitive Neuroscience | Field of psychology focused on the relation between brain functioning and thinking. |
| Confirmation Bias | The tendency to seek evidence that supports our views while dismissing or distorting evidence that contradicts our views. |
| Correlation-Causation Fallacy | The error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other. |
| Critical Thinking | The set of skills used for evaluating claims in an open-minded and careful fashion. |
| Evolutionary Psychology | A school of thought that applies Darwin's theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior. |
| Falsifiable | Being able to be disproved. |
| Functionalism | A school of thought that focuses on the adaptive purposes of psychological traits and functioning. |
| Hypothesis | A testable prediction based on a scientific theory. |
| Individual Differences | Variations of thinking, emotion, personality, and behavior among people. |
| Introspection | A method where trained observers carefully reflect on their mental experiences. |
| Levels Of Analysis | A "ladder" of analysis, where lower levers are tied to biological influence and higher levels are tied to social influence. |
| Metaphysical Claim | An assertion about the world that is not testable. |
| Multiply Determined | Something is caused by many factors. |
| Naive Realism | The belief that we see the world exactly as it is. |
| Natural Selection | The principle that organisms that adapt better can live longer to reproduce than other organisms. |
| Patternicity | The tendency to see meaningful patterns in random stimuli. |
| Pseudoscience | Claims that seem scientific but are not. |
| Psychoanalysis | A school of thought founded by Sigmund Freud that focuses on internal psychological processes of which we're unaware. |
| Psychology | The scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior. |
| Replicability | The consistency of a study, how well findings can be duplicated. |
| Risky Prediction | A prediction that has a good chance of being wrong. |
| Scientific Skepticism | Approaching and evaluating all claims with an open mind but insisting on solid evidence before accepting them. |
| Scientific Theory | A possible explanation for findings in the natural world. |
| Structuralism | A school of thought focused on the basic elements of psychological experience. |
| Terror Management Theory | A theory that states our awareness of death leaves us with underlying senses of terror that we cope with by adopting reassuring worldviews. |
| Variable | Anything that can vary. |
Created by:
calhouncouch
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