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Psych Ex 2 Ch 6
Sensation and Perception
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sensation | Sensory receptors and nervous system receive/represent stimulus energies from our environment |
| Sensory receptors | Sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli |
| Perception | -Brain organizes/interprets sensory info -Enables us to recognize objects and events as meaningful |
| What type of processing is sensation? | Bottom up |
| What type of processing is perception? | Top down |
| Bottom up processing | -info processing that begins with sensory receptors and works up to brains integration of sensory information -brain detects lines, angles, colors that form images |
| Top down processing | -info processing guided by higher level mental processes |
| Transduction | -Conversion of one form of energy to another |
| What is transduction in sensation? | Transforming of physical energy into neutral impulses our brain can interpret |
| What are the steps of transduction? // real super snakes take silly images not interesting digital images to brag | Receive sensory stimulation, transform stimulation into neural impulse, deliver info to brain |
| Absolute threshold | Minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time |
| How is absolute threshold tested? | Ear sound test |
| Who studied the absolute threshold? | German Gustav Fechner |
| Subliminal | Stimuli not heard; below absolute threshold |
| Difference threshold | Minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time (just noticeable difference) |
| Weber's Law | To be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage |
| Sensory adaptation | Diminished sensitivity as a consequence if constant stimulation |
| Perceptual set | Mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another |
| What affects perception? | Context, motivation, and emotion |
| Mechanoreceptors | Respond to pressure, roughness, and vibrations |
| Where are mechanoreceptors found? | In skin for touch, in inner ear for hearing/balance |
| Thermoreceptors | Respond to variations in temperature |
| Where are thermoreceptors found? | In skin to detect temperature |
| Photoreceptors | Detect/respond to light |
| Where are photoreceptors found? | Found in eyes for vision |
| Chemoreceptors | Respond to chemicals |
| Where are chemoreceptors found? | Found in tongue for taste, nasal for smell |
| Nociceptors | Respond to pain |
| Where are nociceptors found? | Organs and on body |
| What does the visual pathway consist of? Real narwhals cant take less great books to read very charismatically | Retina, optic nerves, optic chasm, optic tracts, lateral geniculate bodies of thalamus, optic radiations, and visual cortex |
| Rods | -scotopic vision -retinal receptors that detect black, white, and grey -Sensitive to movement |
| What are rods necessary to? | Peripheral and twilight vision when cones don't respond |
| Cones | -photopic vision -Retinal receptors near center -Function in daylight and well lit areas |
| What do cones detect? | Fine detail and give rise to color sensations |
| Optic nerve | Carries neural impulse from eye to brain |
| Light pathway steps // last rowdy rally Tuesday really cut them callously can't touch on neck | Light reaches retina, travels to rods/cones, triggers chemical changes, thalamus, optic nerve |
| Fovea | Central focal point in retina where eye cones cluster |
| Form perception | Figure and ground, grouping |
| Figure ground | -Form of grouping -Gestalt vs details -organization of visual field into objects (figure) that stand out from surroundings (ground) |
| Grouping | Perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups |
| Depth perception | Ability to see objects in three dimension, allows distance judgement |
| How is depth perception tested? | Visual cliff |
| Motion perception | Ability to see motion |
| Perceptual constancy | Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal change |
| Color constancy | Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color |
| Brightness constancy | Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent brightness |
| Shape constancy | Perceiving form of objects as constant |
| Size constancy | Objects perceived as constant size |
| Perceptual grouping | Proximity, continuity, figure ground closure |
| Proximity | Group nearby figures together |
| Continuity | Smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous |
| Closure | Filling in gaps to make whole objects |
| Proprioception | Sense that lets us perceive location, movement, and action of body parts |
| What is there a neurological link between? | Smell and memory |
| Smell pathway steps // sea turtles hurt | Scent, thalamus, hippocampus |
| Somatosensory cortex large areas | Hands, lips, tongue |
| What is the name of the figure that represents where nerves lie? | Homunculus |
| Auditory pathway // Common narwhals smell out nice interesting clownfish more greatly particularly at a closing count | Cochlear nucleus, superior olivary nucleus, inferior colliculus, medical geniculate, primary auditory area of cerebral cortex |
Created by:
MikalahQuillen
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