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Psychology Module 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| structuralism | Theory that the structure of conscious experience could be understood by analyzing the basic elements of thoughts and sensations |
| Gestalt Psychology | Psychology perspective that emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information onto meaningful words |
| functionalism | Theory that emphasized the functions of consciousness or the ways consciousness helps people adapt to their environment |
| psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality and therapeutic technique that attributes thoughts and action to unconscious motives and conflict |
| behaviorism | The theory that psychology should only study observable behaviors, not mental processes |
| humanistic psychology | Perspective that focuses on the study of conscious experience, the individual's freedom to choose, and the individual's capacity for personal growth |
| Cognitive perspective | School of thought that focuses on how people think- how we take in, process, store and retrieve information |
| Biological perspective | School of thought that focuses on the physical structures and substances underlying a particular behavior, thought, or emotion |
| Social-cultural perspective | School of thought that focuses on how thinking or behavior changes in different contexts or situations |
| social-cultural perspective | School of thought that focuses on how thinking or behavior changes in different contexts or situations |
| behavior genetics | the study of the relative effects of genes and environment on our behavior |
| positive psychology | Movement in psychology that focuses on the study of optimal human functioning and the factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive |
| Wilhelm Wundt | founder of modern psychology |
| E.B .Titchener | founder of structuralism |
| William James | First American psychologist and author of the first psychology textbook |
| Sigmund Freud | founder of psychoanalysis |
| Ivan Pavlov | Russian psychologist famous for a learning theory called classical conditioning |
| John B. Watson | Founder of behaviorism, the theory that psychology should restrict its efforts to studying observable behaviors, not mental processes |
| B. F Skinner | Developed the fundamental principles and techniques of operant conditioning and devised ways to apply them in the real world. |
| Abraham Maslow | Humanistic psychologist who proposed the hierarchy of needs, with self-actualization as the ultimate psychological need |
| Carl Rogers | Humanistic psychologist who developed client-centered therapy. |
| Jean Piaget | Pioneer in the study of developmental psychology who introduced a stage theory of cognitive development that let to a better understanding off children's thought processes. |
| Kenneth Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark | Researchers whose work was used in the Brown v Board of Education case that overturned segregation in schools. |
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