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RADT425 Ch. 9 & 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| For an AP Lumbar, The knees are ________ (flexed/extended) to reduced extreme lordotic curvature to open the disk spaces. | flexed |
| T/F: For an AP Lumbar, the psoas muscles should be included on the radiograph. | True |
| When there is rotation on a AP lumbar, the spinous processes will move __________ (away from/to) the midline and closer to one pedicle than another. | away from |
| For an AP Lumbar, if the patient is rolled towards an LPO position, the spinous processes will be closer to the _______ (left/right) pedicles. | right |
| T/F: Subtle scoliosis can be mistaken for rotation. | True |
| T/F: For an AP Lumbar, if the patient is supine with their legs extended, there will be an exaggerated lordotic curve of the lumbar spine. | True |
| For an AP Oblique Lumbar, the pedicles should be ________ (halfway/anterior/posterior) between midpoint of vertebral body and lateral border of vertebral body. | halfway |
| For an AP Oblique Lumbar, to best visualize the Z-joints of L1-2, the patient should be in a ____________ degree oblique. | 50 |
| For an AP Oblique Lumbar, to best visualize the Z-joints of L5-S1, the patient should be in a ____________ degree oblique. | 30 |
| For an AP Oblique Lumbar, the average degree of oblique for a patient to be positioned in is ____________ degrees. | 45 |
| For judging if an AP Oblique Lumbar was done correctly, the technologist should look for visualization of ___________ & ______________. | scotty dogs, openness of Z-joints |
| For AP Lumbar Obliques, RPO and LPO positions help us to visualize the _____________ (upside/downside) z-joints. | downside |
| For an AP Lumbar LPO Oblique, what Z-joint will be visualized? | Left Z-joint (downside) |
| For an AP Lumbar RPO Oblique, what Z-joint will be visualized? | Right Z-joint (downside) |
| For PA Lumbar Obliques, RAO and LAO positions help us to visualize the _____________ (upside/downside) z-joints. | upside |
| For an PA Lumbar LAO Oblique, what Z-joint will be visualized? | Right Z-joint (upside) |
| For an PA Lumbar RAO Oblique, what Z-joint will be visualized? | Left Z-joint (upside) |
| The _______________________ is best visualized in the lateral lumbar position. | intervertebral foramina |
| T/F: upper & lower lumbar vertebrae can demonstrate rotation independently or simultaneously. | True |
| (Rotation/Tilt) in a Lateral Lumbar position typically occurs when the patient has broad shoulders or hips. | Tilt |
| For an L5-S1 Lateral Spot, a _______ degree caudal angle is used if the interiliac line is not perpendicular to the IR. | 5-8 |
| For an L5-S1 Lateral Spot, the angle of the CR should be parallel to the ________________. | interiliac line |
| On a Lateral Lumbar radiograph you notice one femur is anterior to the other. What positiong error occurred? | Rotation |
| On a Lateral Lumbar radiograph you notice the vertebral bodies have an "oval-like" appearance. What positioning error occurred? | Tilt |
| For an AP Axial Sacrum, the ______ through _____ sacral segments should be seen without foreshortening. | 1st-5th |
| For an AP Axial Sacrum, we should use a _____ degree ________(caudal/cephalad) CR angle. | 15 degree cephalad |
| The 15 degree cephalad angle on an AP Axial Sacrum radiograph helps open the _____________. | sacral foramen |
| If an AP Axial Sacral projection was taken with an insufficient CR angulation the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd segments will be (elongated/foreshortened). | foreshortened |
| If an AP Axial Sacral projection was taken with excessive CR angulation the sacrum will be (elongated/foreshortened). | elongated |
| The sacrum has a ____________ (lordotic/kyphotic) curvature. | kyphotic |
| The ___________ should be in profile on a Lateral Sacrum radiograph and the __________________ and the ____________________ should be superimposed. | median sacral crest should be in profile, and the greater sciatic notches and the iliac crests should be superimposed |
| For an AP Axial Coccyx, we should use a ________ degree _______ (caudal/cephalad) angle. | 10 degree caudal |
| A Lateral Coccyx radiograph should demonstrate the ___________________ in profile, and the greater sciatic notches should be superimposed. | median sacral crest |
| For the RAO Oblique Sternum, we want to keep the entire sternum within the ____________ to demonstrate _____________ across the entire sternum. | heart shadow, homogenous brightness |
| For the RAO Oblique Sternum, we want to use a ____ second exposure with an __________ breathing technique. | 3-5, orthostatic |
| For the Oblique Sternum, the patient should be in a _______ degree rotation ______ (RAO/LAO) | 15-20 degrees RAO |
| For an RAO Sternum, if the chest and sternum oblique is _____ (more/less) than needed, the sternum moves to the left of the heart shadow. | more |
| For an RAO Sternum, if the chest and sternum oblique is _____ (more/less) than needed there will be superimposition of the right SC joint, the manubrium, the sternum body & the vertebral column. | less |
| For an RAO Sternum, if orthostatic breathing cannot be done, the breathing technique should then be on (inspiration/expiration). | expiration |
| The adult ___________ (female/male) sternum is longer & narrower. | male |
| The adult ___________ (female/male) sternum is shorter & wider. | female |
| A ______ SID is generally recommended for a RAO Sternum. | 30-40 inch SID |
| A ______ SID is generally recommended for a Lateral Sternum. | 72 inch SID |
| For AP or PA Ribs there should be __________ posterior ribs above the diaphragm. | 8 |
| If there is an anterior rib injury we should perform the exam in a _______ (AP/PA) position. | PA (so the anterior side is closest to IR) |
| If there is an posterior rib injury we should perform the exam in a _______ (AP/PA) position. | AP (so the posterior side is closest to the IR) |
| If an _____________ (upper/lower) rib fx is suspected, look for a hematoma, presence of air that indicates lung pathology (pneumothorax), rupture of the trachea, the bronchus, or the aorta. | upper |
| When a ____________ (upper/lower) rib fx is suspected, look for an associated injury to the kidney, liver, spleen, diaphragm. | lower |
| What are used to help the Radiologist better identify the exact area of concern on an AP or PA rib projections. | Rib markers (appears as a superimposing white dot) |
| For above the diaphragm Ribs, the exposure should be taken on __________ (expiration/inspiration). | inspiration (remember, we want 8 posterior ribs demonstrated above diaphragm) |
| For below the diaphragm Ribs, the exposure should be taken on __________ (expiration/inspiration). | expiration |
| For below the diaphragm Ribs, the kVp should be __________ (higher/lower). | higher (so the exposure can penetrate denser abdominal tissue) |
| For AP Oblique Ribs, we should rotate the thorax toward the ____________ (affected/unaffected) side until the midcoronal plane is at a _______ degree angle with the IR. | affected, 45 |
| In a PA Oblique Ribs position, to visualize the right side ribs, what position should the patient be placed in? | LAO |
| In a PA Oblique Ribs position, to visualize the left side ribs, what position should the patient be placed in? | RAO |
| In an AP Oblique Ribs position, to visualize the left ribs, what position should the patient be placed in? | LPO |
| In an AP Oblique Ribs position, to visualize the right ribs, what position should the patient be placed in? | RPO |
Created by:
rdwilliams
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