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Human Body Systems
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Tissue | A group of similar cells that perform a specific function |
Organ | A body of structure that is composed of different kinds of tissues that work together |
Organ System | A group of organs that work together the perform a major function |
Gland | An organ that produces and releases chemicals either through ducts or into the bloodstream |
Hormone | (1) The chemical produced by an endocrine gland (2) A chemical that affects growth and development |
Stress | A reaction of a person's body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events |
Interactions | The direct effect that one thing has to another |
Stable | Resistant to sudden change |
Digestion | The process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules |
Nutrients | The substances in food that provide the raw materials the body's cells need to carry out all their essential processes |
Absorption | The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood |
Carbohydrates | A energy-rich organic compound, such as sugar or starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
Peristalsis | Waves of smooth muscle contractions that move food through the esophagus toward the stomach |
Saliva | Fluid released from glands in the mouth that play an important role in mechanical and chemical digestion |
Enzymes | Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body |
Elimination | Act of removal of materials from the body |
Circulatory System | An organ system that transports needed materials to cells and removes waste |
Contract | To draw together; to reduce in size |
Artery | A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
Vein | A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart |
Capillary | A tiny blood vessel where |
Lymph | Fluid that travels through the lymphatic system consisting of water, white blood cells, and dissolved materials |
Bronchi | The two passages that direct air into the lungs |
Alveoli | Tiny thin-walled sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood |
Excretion | The process of moving wastes |
Nephron | Small filtering structure in kidneys that removes wastes from blood and produces urine |
Neuron | A cell that carries information through the nervous system |
Synapse | The junction where one neuron can transfer an impulse to another neuron |
Impulse | The message carried by a neuron |
Brain | The part of the central nervous system that is located in the skull and controls most functions of the body |
Spinal Cord | Thick column of nervous tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves that branch out through the body |
Reflex | Automatic response that occurs without conscious control through the somatic nervous system |
Negative Feedback | The process by which a system is turned off by the condition it produces |