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Opthalmic RX

QuestionAnswer
Types of opthalmic agents? (5) 1. antiglaucoma; 2. anti-infectives; 3. anti-inflammatories; 4. topical anesthetics; 5. miscellaneous agents;
Types of antiglaucoma agents? (5) 1. parasympathomimetics (mitotics); 2. Sympathomimetics (Mydriatics); 3. Beta Adrenergic Agents; 4. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; 5. Osmotic Diurectics;
Effects of Miotics on the pupil? contriction
effects of Mydriatics on the pupil? dilation
Miotic drugs? (3) Acetylcholine (Miochol), Pilocarpine (Ocuset), & Physostigimine (Isopto Eserine);
Important things to remember about Acetylcholine (Miochol)? quick onset, used t produce mitot during surgery (constriciton)
Important things to remember about Pilocarpine (Ocuset)? used in tx of glaucoma; available in occular preparation which may only need to be given once a week; excellent for non-compliant pt's
Important things to remember about Physostigmine (Isopto Eserine)? inhibits the breackdown of acetlycholine; contraindicated in those with acute inflammation of the iris or ciliary body;
Important things to remember about Apraclonidine (Iopidine)? Mydriatic (dilation, primarily used to inhibit intraoperative increase in IOP;
Important things to remember about Dipvefrin (Propine)? Mydriatic (dilation); a prodrug of epinephrine;
Important things to remember about Betaxolol (Betopic)? beta adrenergic blocker; excellent agent for use in open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension;
Important things to remember about Acetazolamide (Diamox)? Carbonic anyhydrase inhibitor; primarily used in tx of glaucoma also used as an adjunct anticonvulsant; used in tx of mountain sickness;
Important things to remember about Glycerin (Osmoglyn)? osmotic diuretic; can be used pre and pos op to reduce IOP; available orally;
Important things to remember about Mannitol (Osmitrol)? osmotic diuretic; used to reduce IOP that can not be reduced by other means; preoperatively used in ocular surgery, available in 5, 10, 20, and 25% parenteral solutions;
Important things to remember about Natamycin? anti-infective, antifungal agent, can cause a visual haze and temporary overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms;
Important things to remember about Bacitracin? anti-infective; available in combinaion with neomycin or polymixin; prefered to nemycin because fewer organisms are resistant to it;
Important things to remember about Cloraphenicol (Choloromycetin)? anti-infective; most commone side effect is stinging and buring upon instilation;
Important things to remember about Silver Nitrate? anti-infective; antiseptic, germacidal for a long time used on newborns to prevent gonorrheal infections; now eiter topical erythromyin or tetracycline can be used for this;
Important things to remember about Vidarabin (Vira A)? anti-viral; tx of herpes simplex, kreatitis & keratoconjunctivitis; has the broadest antiviral spectrum;
Important things to remember about Flubiprofen (Ocufen)? anti-inflammatory; NSAID often used post op after cataract extraction;
Important things to remember about Ketotolac (Acilar)? anti-inflammatory; only parenteral NSAID that can be given either IM or IV; opthalmic topical is used to reduce inflammation of trauma, allergens, and bacteria;
Types of Otic Agents? (6) 1. Antibiotics; 2. antibiotic & steroid combinations; 3. ntifungals; 4. wax emulsifiers; 5. local anesthetics; 6. local analgesics;
Important things to remember about Chloramphenicol (Choloromycetin OTC)? antibiotic; broad spectrum of activity; can produce buring, redness, rash and swelling when applied topically; contraindicated in presence of eardrum perforation;
Important things to remember about Benzocaine (ingrediant in allergen ear drops, Auralgan Otic)? Local anesthetic; used in combination with analgesics and emollients for relief of pain itching or burning;
Important things to remember about Carbamide Peroxide (ingredient in Debrox DRops, Murine Ear Drops)? wax emulsifier; combined with other agents such as glycerol; source of hydrogen peroxide which is slowly released and acts as a weak antibacterial and effervescence which losens ear wax;
Pt teaching for instillation of ear drops? (7) 1. do not touch dropper to the ear; 2. may cause dizziness upon intillation so instill lying down; 3. apply drops @ room temp or warm under hot water; 4. in children 3+ and adults hold pinna up and back; 5. in children 3- pull pinna down & back;
Pt teaching for instillation of ear drops? (7)cont. cont. 6. lie on the side opposite the affected ear for 5 minutes after instillation; 7. ear drops are contraindicated when the tempanic membrane is perforated
Created by: 100000174040213
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