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pharmacology clinica
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What classification is Tylenol in? | Acetaminophen |
| What are the side effects of Acetaminophen? | Chronic and even acute toxicity can develop. |
| What is the onset of short acting insulin? | 30 mins-1 hr. |
| What is the peak of short acting insulin? | 2-4 hr. |
| What is the duration of short acting insulin? | 6-8 hrs. |
| What is the onset of intermediate insulin? | 1-2 hrs. |
| What is the peak duration of intermediate insulin? | 4-15 hrs. |
| What is the duration of intermediate insulin? | 18-24 hrs. |
| What is the onset of long acting insulin? | 4-8 hrs. |
| What is the peak of long acting insulin? | 10-30 hrs. |
| What is the duration of long acting insulin? | 24-36 hrs. |
| What meds are used to help a pt. control their high blood sugar? | Antidiabetic agents |
| Meds that encourage the beta cells in the pancreas to secrete more insulin and thus lower the blood sugar and increases sensitivity of insulin receptor sites? | Oral hypoglycemics |
| What decreases liver glucose production, decreases intestinal glucose absorption, and enhances glucose utilization by other tissue? | Metformin (Glucophage) |
| A very short-acting stimulant for insulin release? | Repaglinide (Prandin) |
| What stimulates glucose transport into muscle and the liver without stimulation insulin secretion? | Rosiglitazone (Avandia) and Pioglitazone (Actos) |
| What works in sm. intestine to delay glucose absorption? | Miglitol (Glyset) and Acarbose (Presose) |
| What partially neutralizes gastric acids, thereby raising the pH? | Antacids |
| What inactivates pepsin when the pH gets above 4? | Antacids |
| What does aluminum cause? | Constipation |
| What does magnesium cause? | Diarrhea |
| What is the antidote for Coumadin? | Vitamin K |
| What is the antidote for Heparin? | Protamine sulfate |
| What is used for stroke prevention? | Ticlopidine (Ticlid) |
| What acts locally to absorb (bind) water, gas, toxins, irritants, and nurtients in the bowel? | Antidiarrheals |
| What acts to systemically slow peristalisis and increase the tone of smooth muscles and sphincters in the GI tract? | Antidiarrheals |
| Used to treat acute and chronic diarrhea and to provide symptomatic relief from the flatulence and the abdominal cramping and distention that diarrhea may cause? | Antidiarrheals |
| Side effects of antidiarrheals? | Blurred vision, dry mouth, tachycardia, and urinary retention |
| Meds that work to decrease the uric acid levels in the body? | Anti-Gout agents |
| A disease that is characterized by high uric acid. | Gout |
| Side effects of anti-gout agents? | Decreased WBC production, rash. |
| What kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria? | Anti-infectives (Antibiotics) |
| Bacteriocidal = | kills the organism. |
| Bacteriostatic = | inhibits the growth of the organism. |
| Penicillins are | bacteriocidal |
| Cephalosporins are | bacteriocidal |
| Sulfonamides are | bacteriostatic |
| Meds that are very ototoxic and nephrotoxic- need to follow blood levels? | Aminoglycosides |
| Meds that increase the force of contraction? | Cardiac glycosides |
| Meds that make the heart beat stronger and circulate blood more effectively and slows the HR? | Cardiac glycosides |
| Meds used for people with weak heart muscles? | Cardiac glycosides |
| Side effects of cardiac glycosides? | Halo vision, diplopia, flickering lights, blurred vision |
| Cardiac glycoside med? | Digoxin (Lanoxin) |
| Meds that promote excretion of water and sodium from the body? | Diuretics |
| Side effects of diuretics? | Hyponatremia, hypokalemia, orthostatic hypotension. |
| Meds that have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties; also mild anti-pyretic properties? | NSAIDS |
| Side effects of NSAIDS? | irritation of the GI tract, N/V, heartburn, diarrhea, constipation |
| What meds promote bowel movements? | Stool softeners and laxatives |
| What meds incorporate water into stool, resulting in softer fecal mass? | Stool softeners and laxatives |
| What meds prevent constipation? | Stool softeners and laxatives |
| Side effects of stool softeners and laxatives? | Abdominal cramps, bloating, diarrhea, flatulence, N/V |
| Antianemic med? | Vitamins/Minerals |
| Blood clotting factor med? | Vitamin K |
| Vitamin B complex med? | Folic Acid |
| What is Vitamin K used for? | Blood clotting |
| What is Folic Acid used for? | normal production of RBC's and nucleo-proteins |
| What is iron used for? | Anemia, restoration of serum iron stores. |
| Side effects of Vitamin K? | N/V, stomach upset, HA |
| Used to reverse Vitamin K overdose? | Heparin |
| Tylenol | Acetaminophen |
| Aluminum Hydroxide (Amphogel)(Gaviscon) | Antacids |
| Calcuim Carbonate (Rolaids) (Tums) | Antacids |
| Magnesium Hydroxide (Phillips M.O.M. | Antacids |
| Magnesium and Aluminum Combination (Mylanta, Gelusil, Maalox, Riopan) | Antacids |
| Sodium Bicarbonate (Arm & Hammer baking soda) | Antacids |
| Heparin | Anticoagulants |
| Lovenox (Enoxaprin) | Anticoagulants |
| Warfarin (Coumadin) | Anticoagulants |
| Acetylsalicyclic Acid (ASA, Aspirin) | Antiplatelet/Anticoagulants |
| Chopidogrel Bisulfate (Plavix) | Antiplatelet/Anticoagulants |
| Abciximab (ReoPro) | Inhibit platelet aggregation/Anticoagulants |
| Ticlopidine (Ticlid) | Inhibit platelet aggregation/Anticoagulants |
| Humalog (Lispro) | Antidiabetic agent |
| Regular insulin | Antidiabetic agent |
| NPH insulin | Antidiabetic agent |
| Lente insulin | Antidiabetic agent |
| Ultra Lente insulin | Antidiabetic agent |
| 70/30 insulin | Antidiabetic agent |
| Acetohexamide (Dimelor) | Oral Hypoglycemics/Sulfonylureas/Antidiabetic agents |
| Chlorpropamide (Diabinese) | Oral Hypoglycemics/Sulfonylureas/Antidiabetic agents |
| Glipizide (Glucotrol) | Oral Hypoglycemics/Sulfonylureas/Antidiabetic agents |
| Glyburide (Diabeta) (Micronase) | Oral hypoglycemics/Sulfonylureas/Antidiabetic agents |
| Tolazamide (Tolinase) | Oral hypoglycemics/Sulfonylureas/Antidiabetic agents |
| Tolbutamide (Orinase) | Oral hypoglycemics/Sulfonylrueas/Antidiabetic agents |
| Metformin (Glucophage) | Antidiabetic agents |
| Acarbose (Precose) | Antidiabetic agents |
| Repaglinide (Prandin) | Antidiabetic agents |
| Rosiglitazone (Avandia) | Antidiabetic agents |
| Pioglitazone (Actos) | Antidiabetic agents |
| Difenoxin/Atropine (Motofen) | Antidiarrheals |
| Diphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil, Lomanate, Lonox) | Antidiarrheals |
| Loperamide Hydrochloride (Imodium) | Antidiarrheals |
| Allopurinol (Zyloprim) | Anti-Gout agents |
| Colchicine | Anti-Gout agents |
| Amoxicillin (Amoxil) | Anti-Infective/Antibiotics |
| Ampicillin (Ampicin)(Ominipen) | Anti-Infective/Antibiotics |
| Penicillin G. (Bicillin) | Anti-Infective/Antibiotics |
| Megacillin | Anti-Infective/Antibiotics |
| Cefazolin (Ancef)(Kefzol) | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Cephalexin (Keflex) | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Cefaclor (Ceclor) | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Cefixime (Suprax) | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Ceftrixone (Rocephin) | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole (combination drug) (Septra, Bactrim) | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Gentamicin | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Tobramycin | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Streptomycin | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Amoxicillin- Clavulanic Acid (Augmentin) | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Ampicillin- Sulbactam Sodium (Unasyn) | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Ticarcillin- Clavulanic Acid (Timentin) | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Piperacillin- Tazobactam Sodium (Zosyn) | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Erythromycins | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| Tetracyclines | Anti-infective/Antibiotics |
| 3 Sulfonamides: | Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole (Septra, Bactrim)Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) |
| 3 Aminoglycosides: | GentamicinTobramycinStreptomycin |
| 4 Beta Lactamase inhibitors: | Amoxicillin- Clavulanic Acid (Augmentin)Ampicillin- Sulbactam Sodium (Unasyn)Ticarcillin- Clavulanic Acid (Timentin)Piperacillin- Tozobactam Sodium (Zosyn) |
| 3 Thiazide/Thiazide-like diuretics: | Chlorothiazide (Diuril)Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)(Hydrodiuril, Esidrix)Metolazone (Zaroxolyn)(Diulo) |
| 3 Loop Diuretics: | Bumetanide (BUMEX)Ethacrynic Acid(Edecrin)Furosemide (Lasix) |
| 2 Potassium Sparing diuretics: | Triamterene (Dyrenium)Spironolactone (Aldactone) |
| Chlorothiazide (Diuril) | Diuretic |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)(Hydrodiuril, Esidrix) | Diuretic |
| Metolazone (Zaroxolyn)(Diulo) | Diuretic |
| Bumetanide (BUMEX) | Diuretic |
| Ethacrynic Acid (Edecrin) | Diuretic |
| Fruosemide (Lasix) | Diuretic |
| Triamterene (Dyrenium) | Diuretic |
| Spironolactone (Aldactone) | Diuretic |
| Diclofenac (Voltaren) | NSAIDS |
| Flurbiprofen (Ansaid) | NSAIDS |
| Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Nuprin) | NSAIDS |
| Indomethacin (Indocin) | NSAIDS |
| Ketrolac (Toradol) | NSAIDS |
| Naproxen and Naproxen Sodium (Naprasun, Anaprox, Alieve) | NSAIDS |
| Phyenylbutazone (Butazolidin) | NSAIDS |
| 3 Fecal Softeners: | Docusate Calcium (Surfak)(DC Softgels)Docusate Sodium (Colace)Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) |
| Docusate Calcium (Surfak, DC Softgels) | Stool softeners and laxatives |
| Docusate Sodium (Colace) | Stool softeners and laxatives |
| Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) | Stool softeners and laxatives |
| 3 stimulant/irritants: | CascaraCastor OilPhenolphthalein (Exlax, Feenamint) |
| Cascara | Stool softeners and laxatives |
| Castor Oil | Stool softeners and laxatives |
| Phenolphthalein (Exlax, Feenamint) | Stool softeners and laxatives |
| 2 Hyperosmotics: | GlycerinPolyethylene Glycol (GoLytely, CoLyte) |
| Glycerin | Stool softeners and laxatives |
| Polyethylene Glycol (GoLytely, CoLyte) | Stool softeners and laxatives |
| Magnesium salts (Magnesium Citrate, M.O.M.) | Stool softeners and laxatives |
| Magnesium salts (Magnesium Citrate, M.O.M.) | Saline laxative |
| Psyllium and Methylcellulose (Citrucel, Fiberall, Metamucil, Perdiem) | Bulk-forming laxative |
| 2 Iron vitamins: | Ferrous Fumarate (Femiron)Ferrous Sulfate (Mol-Iron) |
| Vitamin K vitamin: | Phytonadione (Aqua-Mephyton) |
| Folic Acid vitamin: | Folic Acid (Folvite) |
| 3 vitamins that are toxic in large quantities: | Vitamin AVitamin DVitamin K |
Created by:
nellybell
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