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Pharm Principles
Part 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical name | Describes the drug’s chemical composition and molecular structure |
| Generic name | Name given to a drug approved by Health Canada |
| Trade name | The drug has a registered trademark; use of the name is restricted by the drug’s patent owner (usually the manufacturer). |
| Drug classifications | By structure, their therapeutic use, grouped together based on their similar properties |
| Pharmaceutics | The study of drug formulations and their design, manufacture, stability, and delivery to the body |
| Sublingual | faster due to blood vessels = small dose |
| tablets & capsules | will go through the whole system (intestines, stomach, liver etc.) |
| Dissolution-dissolving of solid dosage forms and their absorption | -Enteric coating -Thin filmed drugs (quick dissolve in buccal tissue) -Combining drugs -Time-release technology |
| Where does the enteric coat dissolve? | Small intestine |
| What is the use of enteric coating | -To prevent drug destruction by gastric juice -To prevent stomach lining irritation by the drug -To promote absorption which may be better if drug is not exposed to gastric juice |
| Crushing enteric coatings | may result in the drug being released too early, being destroyed by stomach acid, or irritating the stomach lining. |
| Pharmacokinetics | The body's affect on the drug |
| Absorption | The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream. |
| Bioavailability | The fractional extent to which a dose of drug reaches the systemic circulation. Percentage of drug administered that is absorbed. |
| Factors that affect bioavailability: | Drug form, route, GI mucosa, motility, food and other drugs |
| How will first pass metabolism affect bioavailability? | Because much of the drug will be metabolized (broken down) before it gets a chance to enter the systemic circulation, bioavailability will be decreased. |
| What are the 4 pharmacokinetic processes? | 1. Absorption 2. Distribution 3. Metabolism 4. Elimination |
| First-pass effect | The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before the drug reaches the systemic circulation through the bloodstream. |
| First-pass effect | reduces bioavailability to <100% (inactive metabolites) |
| Enteral Route | The drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation through the mucosa of the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine |
| What affects absorption | Age, NPO, N/V, Renal failure |
| Parenteral Route examples | IV, IM, SC |
| Topical route examples | Skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina |
| Distribution | drug becomes available to body tissues (by blood) |
| Duration of action | The time during which drug concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response. |
Created by:
C.Reyes
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