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Pharm Principles

Part 1

TermDefinition
Chemical name Describes the drug’s chemical composition and molecular structure
Generic name Name given to a drug approved by Health Canada
Trade name The drug has a registered trademark; use of the name is restricted by the drug’s patent owner (usually the manufacturer).
Drug classifications By structure, their therapeutic use, grouped together based on their similar properties
Pharmaceutics The study of drug formulations and their design, manufacture, stability, and delivery to the body
Sublingual faster due to blood vessels = small dose
tablets & capsules will go through the whole system (intestines, stomach, liver etc.)
Dissolution-dissolving of solid dosage forms and their absorption -Enteric coating -Thin filmed drugs (quick dissolve in buccal tissue) -Combining drugs -Time-release technology
Where does the enteric coat dissolve? Small intestine
What is the use of enteric coating -To prevent drug destruction by gastric juice -To prevent stomach lining irritation by the drug -To promote absorption which may be better if drug is not exposed to gastric juice
Crushing enteric coatings may result in the drug being released too early, being destroyed by stomach acid, or irritating the stomach lining.
Pharmacokinetics The body's affect on the drug
Absorption The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream.
Bioavailability The fractional extent to which a dose of drug reaches the systemic circulation. Percentage of drug administered that is absorbed.
Factors that affect bioavailability: Drug form, route, GI mucosa, motility, food and other drugs
How will first pass metabolism affect bioavailability? Because much of the drug will be metabolized (broken down) before it gets a chance to enter the systemic circulation, bioavailability will be decreased.
What are the 4 pharmacokinetic processes? 1. Absorption 2. Distribution 3. Metabolism 4. Elimination
First-pass effect The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before the drug reaches the systemic circulation through the bloodstream.
First-pass effect reduces bioavailability to <100% (inactive metabolites)
Enteral Route The drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation through the mucosa of the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine
What affects absorption Age, NPO, N/V, Renal failure
Parenteral Route examples IV, IM, SC
Topical route examples Skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina
Distribution drug becomes available to body tissues (by blood)
Duration of action The time during which drug concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response.
Created by: C.Reyes
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