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PTable
C-3-6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| family/Groups | the column on a periodic table that arranges the elements by the number of electrons that are in the outermost shell |
| Reactivity- | the rate at which a chemical substance tends to undergo a chemical reaction, significantly influenced by the valence electrons of the reacting substance. |
| Chemical formula- | a shorthand notation that uses chemical symbols and numbers as subscripts to represent the type and number of atoms that are present in the smallest unit of the substance |
| Metal– | most elements are metals, they are typically shiny, solid, malleable, and good conductors of electricity and heat |
| Nonmetal– | elements that are typically not shiny, not malleable, and poor conductors of heat electricity, usually gasses or brittle solids |
| Noble gas | Group 18, exhibits great stability and extremely low reaction rates. |
| Halogen– | group 17 which forms a salt by direct union with a metal |
| metalloid/semimetal– | elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals, sometimes called semiconductor |
| Electron dot/Lewis dot | diagram visually represents an atom’s electrons where the dots represent valence electrons in an atom’s outermost orbital. This structure is used to predict the chemical behavior of atoms and molecules |
| Bond– | a strong force of attraction holding atoms together in a molecule or crystal, resulting from the sharing or transferring of electrons. |
| Period– | the term period refers to a horizontal row of the periodic table. Elements in the same period all have the same highest unexcited electron energy level or the same ground state energy level. In other words, each atom has the same number of electron shell |
| Alkali- | group 1 metals, a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal element. |
| Alkaline– | group 2, Metals that form simple positive ions (+2) in water to form hydrides, and result in a pH of more than 7, are called alkaline metals. |
| Valence electron- | the outermost electron of an atom that participates in bonding |
| Atomic number | the number of protons in an atom |
| Chemical Symbol | a notation of one or two letters denoting a chemical element |
| Polar bond– | a covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed |
| Nonpolar molecule– | a type of chemical bond that is formed when electrons are shared equally between two atoms. |
| Periodic property– | recurring trends in physical and chemical characteristics that occur due to the recurrence of similar electronic configuration |
| Ionic bond– | transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal to obtain a full valence shell for both atoms |
| Covalent bond– | chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms |
| Metallic bond– | is the force of attractiveness between valence electrons and metal ions |
| Ion– | an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. Ions are charged atoms or molecules. |
| Cation– | Cations are ions that are positively charged. |
| Anion— | Anions are ions that are negatively charged. |
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