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1 Ch - Phy Sci M 3B
Apologia Physical Science Module 3B
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| electron cloud model | currently accepted atomic model; assumes the movement of electrons is less predictable than Bohr's fixed energy levels |
| quantum mechanical model | another name for the electron cloud model |
| orbitals | a region of space around the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found |
| electron configuration | the way electrons are arranged in the orbitals in each energy level |
| ground state | when all of an atom's electrons are in the lowest possible energy levels |
| excited state | when an electron has absorbed enough energy (for instance, by heating) to move to an orbital with higher energy, a very unstable state |
| Atoms emit energy as light when electrons move to a lower energy level because they are going from | an excited state (higher energy) to a lower energy state. |
| Dmitri Mendeleev | Russian chemist, developed ingenious method of organizing elements in 1869 |
| Mendeleev's table is called a periodic table because | the patterns repeat. |
| Elements in each column of the periodic table are called | GROUPS. They share some similar properties. |
| The rows of the periodic table are called | PERIODS. Across each period, the atomic mass increases and the properties change. The same pattern repeats in each period. |
| In the US, the letter "A" is used to designate the | main group elements. |
| In the US, the letter "B" is used to designate the | the groups of elements called the transition elements. |
| valence electrons | electrons that are in the highest energy level (the energy level farthest from the nucleus) of an atom of an element |
| Group 1A, alkali metals (exception: hydrogen) | have only 1 valence electron & are therefore HIGHLY reactive; only exist in nature in compounds |
| The reactivity of element groups | decreases as you go down the group. |
| Alkali metals are so reactive that they are | stored under oil or in glass tubes to keep them reacting with water or oxygen. |
| Group 2 A, alkaline earth metals | 2nd most reactive group, when mixed in solutions, these typically have a pH greater than 7; silvery gray metals |
| the Boron group, group 3A | solids at room temperature, have 3 valence electrons |
| the Carbon group, group 4A | a mix of element types; the metallic characteristics of the elements increases as you go DOWN the group; 4 valence electrons |
| All of the reactions in our body are controlled by compounds containing | carbon. |
| silicon | the second most abundant element in the earth's crust |
| the Nitrogen group, group 5A | contains 2 nonmetals, two metalloids, and 2 metals; has a wide range of physical properties; 5 valence electrons |
| the Oxygen group, group 6A | have 6 valence electrons |
| the halogen group, 7A | all non-metals; when these elements react with a metal, a salt is formed |
| the noble gases, group 8A | all odorless and colorless, rather rare, and extremely unreactive; have ideal electron configurations |
Created by:
MrsHough
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