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The study of bone is called
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Which are functions of the skeletal system?
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Unit 2 Chapter 7
Bone Tissue
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of bone is called | Osteology |
| Which are functions of the skeletal system? | Support Acid-base balance Blood formation Protection movement electrolyte balance hormone secretion |
| The connective tissue that makes up bone is called Blank______ tissue. | osseous |
| What shape is the humerus? | Long |
| Bones such as the carpals that have the same length and width are classified as _________ bones. | short bones |
| Which osseous tissue is found on the surface of bones and composed of tightly arranged parallel osteons? | Compact |
| What is the major producer of blood cells? | Red bone marrow |
| The central space at the ends of long bones is occupied by Blank______. | spongy bone |
| Which best describes osseous tissue? A connective tissue composed primarily of cartilage matrix and collagen A connective tissue consisting of loosely arranged protein fibers A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone | A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone |
| Where do you find osteogenic cells? | Endosteum and periosteum |
| Bones that are longer than they are wide are classified as | Long bones |
| The calcium-phosphate salt that mineralizes bone tissue is called Blank______. | hydroxyapatite |
| an osteocyte is a what? | bone cell |
| calcitonin is | Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by cells in the thyroid when serum calcium levels are high |
| Which are examples of short bones? Vertebrae Upper arm bone Carpals Most skull bones | Carpals (wrist) Tarsal (ankle) |
| Bone tissue made up of parallel osteons that are tightly packed together is called | compact bone |
| The interior of flat bones is composed of Blank______ bone. | spongy |
| Are flat and long a type of bone? | |
| Compact bone is found where? | Compact bone is found on the surface of bones. |
| Lacunae are located between concentric rings of compact bone tissue called what? | Lamellae |
| Osteons: | An osteon is the basic structural unit of compact bone, consisting of a central canal and its lamellae. |
| Osteogenic cells are stem cells in the endosteum, periosteum, and central canals that can become chondrocytes. T OR F | False; Osteogenic cells are stem cells in the endosteum, periosteum, and central canals that can become osteoblasts rather than chondrocytes. |
| Hydroxyapatite makes up part of which component of the bony matrix? | Inorganic; Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate salt and is therefore inorganic (mineral). |
| Trabeculae are Blank______ plates of bone found in Blank______ bone. | thin, spongy |
| What bone shape are the carpal bones of the wrist? | Short |
| What are the spaces between trabeculae in spongy bone filled with? | Bone marrow; More specifically, red marrow is found in the spongy bone of the epiphysis of a long bone, whereas yellow marrow is found in the medullary (marrow) cavity of the diaphysis. |
| Ossification is Blank______. | bone formation |
| What are the layers of bony matrix in compact bone tissue called? | Lamellae |
| The bones of the skull form by which type of ossification? | Intramembranous Intramembranous ossification occurs within a fibrous membranous sheet. |
| What are the thin plates forming spongy bone called? | trabeculae Trabeculae are the bony "spicules" or spikes found in spongy bone. |
| Where does bone formation occur during endochondral ossification? | Hyaline cartilage model; Endochondral ossification occurs within hyaline cartilage. |
| Bone marrow fills the spaces between trabeculae in Blank______ bone tissue. | spongy |
| Compact bone is comprised of __________ | osteons |
| Which type of bone growth involves the deposition of new tissue at the surface? | Appositional growth |
| The process of bone formation is called | Ossification |
| Mineral deposition into bones begin when? | In fetal ossification |
| The layers of bony matrix arranged around the central canal of an osteon are called Blank______ lamellae. | concentric |
| What is low blood calcium called? | Hypocalcemia |
| As a flat bone is produced by intramembranous ossification, which cells are responsible for the resorption of bone tissue that carves out the spongy bone's trabeculae? | Osteoclasts |
| What do osteoblasts do? | Osteoblasts build bone, they do not reabsorb it. |
| The average adult has Blank______ of phosphorus. | 500 to 800 g |
| Hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone in Blank______ ossification. | endochondral |
| Which hormone has a greater effect on bone growth? Estrogen Testosterone | Estrogen |
| Which type of bone growth occurs within mature bone and results in the bone becoming thicker? | Appositional growth Appositional growth is the only type of growth to occur in mature bone. |
| ___________ growth occurs only in immature bone before the epiphyseal plate closes. | Interstitial |
| The branch of medicine dealing with bone disorders is | orthopedics |
| Where does the calcium and phosphate used to mineralize bone come from? | The blood |
| What is a mass of blood in the tissues called? | Hematoma |
| Which condition is characterized by excessive excitability of the nervous and muscular systems due to low blood calcium levels? | Hypocalcemia |
| What often causes the loss of bone mass seen in osteoporosis in older women? | A loss of estrogen |
| Which mineral is more closely regulated by the body? | Calcium |
| Which hormones affect bone growth and development? | Calcitonin Estrogen Parathyroid hormone Testosterone |
| The branch of medicine that deals with skeletal deformities in children is Blank______. | orthopedics |
| Bleeding at the site of a bone fracture results in the formation of a fracture ___________ , a blood clot | Hematoma |
| By age 70, most White and Asian women have lost Blank______ percent of their bone mass | 30 |
| Granulation tissue starts out as which of the following in a bone fracture? Bone Hematoma Cartilage | Hematoma |
| A degenerative bone disease characterized by a loss of bone mass and an increased risk of fracture is called | Osteoporosis |
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