Bone Tissue
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| The study of bone is called | Osteology
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| Which are functions of the skeletal system? | Support
Acid-base balance
Blood formation
Protection
movement
electrolyte balance
hormone secretion
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| The connective tissue that makes up bone is called Blank______ tissue. | osseous
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| What shape is the humerus? | Long
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| Bones such as the carpals that have the same length and width are classified as _________ bones. | short bones
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| Which osseous tissue is found on the surface of bones and composed of tightly arranged parallel osteons? | Compact
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| What is the major producer of blood cells? | Red bone marrow
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| The central space at the ends of long bones is occupied by Blank______. | spongy bone
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| Which best describes osseous tissue? A connective tissue composed primarily of cartilage matrix and collagen A connective tissue consisting of loosely arranged protein fibers A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone | A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone
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| Where do you find osteogenic cells? | Endosteum and periosteum
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| Bones that are longer than they are wide are classified as | Long bones
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| The calcium-phosphate salt that mineralizes bone tissue is called Blank______. | hydroxyapatite
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| an osteocyte is a what? | bone cell
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| calcitonin is | Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by cells in the thyroid when serum calcium levels are high
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| Which are examples of short bones? Vertebrae Upper arm bone Carpals Most skull bones | Carpals (wrist)
Tarsal (ankle)
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| Bone tissue made up of parallel osteons that are tightly packed together is called | compact bone
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| The interior of flat bones is composed of Blank______ bone. | spongy
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| Are flat and long a type of bone? |
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| Compact bone is found where? | Compact bone is found on the surface of bones.
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| Lacunae are located between concentric rings of compact bone tissue called what? | Lamellae
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| Osteons: | An osteon is the basic structural unit of compact bone, consisting of a central canal and its lamellae.
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| Osteogenic cells are stem cells in the endosteum, periosteum, and central canals that can become chondrocytes. T OR F | False; Osteogenic cells are stem cells in the endosteum, periosteum, and central canals that can become osteoblasts rather than chondrocytes.
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| Hydroxyapatite makes up part of which component of the bony matrix? | Inorganic; Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate salt and is therefore inorganic (mineral).
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| Trabeculae are Blank______ plates of bone found in Blank______ bone. | thin, spongy
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| What bone shape are the carpal bones of the wrist? | Short
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| What are the spaces between trabeculae in spongy bone filled with? | Bone marrow; More specifically, red marrow is found in the spongy bone of the epiphysis of a long bone, whereas yellow marrow is found in the medullary (marrow) cavity of the diaphysis.
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| Ossification is Blank______. | bone formation
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| What are the layers of bony matrix in compact bone tissue called? | Lamellae
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| The bones of the skull form by which type of ossification? | Intramembranous
Intramembranous ossification occurs within a fibrous membranous sheet.
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| What are the thin plates forming spongy bone called? | trabeculae
Trabeculae are the bony "spicules" or spikes found in spongy bone.
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| Where does bone formation occur during endochondral ossification? | Hyaline cartilage model; Endochondral ossification occurs within hyaline cartilage.
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| Bone marrow fills the spaces between trabeculae in Blank______ bone tissue. | spongy
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| Compact bone is comprised of __________ | osteons
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| Which type of bone growth involves the deposition of new tissue at the surface? | Appositional growth
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| The process of bone formation is called | Ossification
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| Mineral deposition into bones begin when? | In fetal ossification
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| The layers of bony matrix arranged around the central canal of an osteon are called Blank______ lamellae. | concentric
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| What is low blood calcium called? | Hypocalcemia
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| As a flat bone is produced by intramembranous ossification, which cells are responsible for the resorption of bone tissue that carves out the spongy bone's trabeculae? | Osteoclasts
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| What do osteoblasts do? | Osteoblasts build bone, they do not reabsorb it.
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| The average adult has Blank______ of phosphorus. | 500 to 800 g
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| Hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone in Blank______ ossification. | endochondral
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| Which hormone has a greater effect on bone growth? Estrogen Testosterone | Estrogen
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| Which type of bone growth occurs within mature bone and results in the bone becoming thicker? | Appositional growth
Appositional growth is the only type of growth to occur in mature bone.
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| ___________ growth occurs only in immature bone before the epiphyseal plate closes. | Interstitial
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| The branch of medicine dealing with bone disorders is | orthopedics
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| Where does the calcium and phosphate used to mineralize bone come from? | The blood
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| What is a mass of blood in the tissues called? | Hematoma
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| Which condition is characterized by excessive excitability of the nervous and muscular systems due to low blood calcium levels? | Hypocalcemia
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| What often causes the loss of bone mass seen in osteoporosis in older women? | A loss of estrogen
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| Which mineral is more closely regulated by the body? | Calcium
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| Which hormones affect bone growth and development? | Calcitonin
Estrogen
Parathyroid hormone
Testosterone
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| The branch of medicine that deals with skeletal deformities in children is Blank______. | orthopedics
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| Bleeding at the site of a bone fracture results in the formation of a fracture ___________ , a blood clot | Hematoma
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| By age 70, most White and Asian women have lost Blank______ percent of their bone mass | 30
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| Granulation tissue starts out as which of the following in a bone fracture? Bone Hematoma Cartilage | Hematoma
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| A degenerative bone disease characterized by a loss of bone mass and an increased risk of fracture is called | Osteoporosis
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