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Module 5 Psych
Consciousness
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| • What is consciousness? | awareness of internal and external stimuli |
| • What are the circadian rhythms? What controls these? What hormone is involved? | biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours. The brains clock mechanism is located in an area of the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which has light sensitive neurons. Melatonin is involved and released by darkness |
| What happens when are circadian rhythms are disrupted (jet lag, night shift)? | fatigue, sluggishness, irritability, insomnia, sleeping problems. Persistent sleep issues can lead to depression+anxiety |
| • What are the different stages of sleep? | Stage 1, 2, 3 and REM |
| • What are the problems that interfere in sleep? | Parasomnias: a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experienced during sleep play a role |
| (What are the different sleep disorders?) | Parasomnias: Sleepwalking, restless leg sydrome, night terrors, REM sleep behavior disorder, night terrors. Insomnia, Sleep Apnea, SIDS, Narcolepsy |
| • Why do we sleep? | Adaptive function: sleep is essential to restore resources that are expended during the day Cognitive: sleep is important for cognitive function and memory formation |
| What happens if we cannot sleep and have sleep debt? | happens when a person doesn't get sufficient sleep on a chronic basis. Consequences are decreased levels of alertness and mental efficiency. Often results in depression, & associated with obesity, inc blood pressure, stress, reduced immune functioning |
| What is sleep rebound? | the fact that a sleep-deprived individual will fall asleep more quickly during subsequent opportunities for sleep |
| • What are dreams? | stories and images that our minds create while we sleep |
| What stage of sleep is associated with dreaming? | REM |
| • What do dreams mean? | dreams reflect life events that are important to the dreamer, or constructing a virtual reality that we might use to help us during wakefulness. |
| What are the manifest content of dreams? | the actual content or storyline |
| • What are the different models that explain why we dream? | Freud (gain access to unconscious), Jung (collective unconscious: info shared by everyone), and Cartwright (reflect life events) |
| What are lucid dreams? | certain aspects of wakefulness are maintained during a dream state. Being aware of the fact that you're dreaming and controlling the dreams content |
| • What is addiction? | disorder defining pervasive and intense urge to engage in maladaptive behaviors providing immediate sensory rewards, despite their harmful consequences. |
| What is Drug dependence? | use of drugs or alcohol that continues even when significant problems related to their use have developed |
| What is Tolerance? | A sign of dependence: occurs when a person requires more and more drug to achieve effects previously experienced at lower doses. |
| what do hallucinogens do? | increased heart rate and BP that may dissipate over time |
| What do drugs do to the brain? | Drugs interfere with the way neurons send, receive, and process signals via neurotransmitters. They substitute in for neurotransmitters. |
| What psychological factors influence the effects of drugs? | A person's genes, the action of the drug, peer pressure, emotional distress, anxiety, depression, and environmental stress |
| Stimulants | cocaine, amphetamines (adderall, methamphetamines), MDMA (ecstasy or molly) |
| What kinds of brain waves are involved in stage 1 sleep? What happens? | Alpha to Theta, we drift off to sleep, decrease in body temp and muscle tension |
| What kinds of brain waves are involved in stage 2 sleep? What happens? | Theta, deep relaxation, interruptions called sleep spindles (burst of high frequency brain waves) and K-complexes (high amplitude pattern of brain activity that occur in response to environmental stimuli |
| What kinds of brain waves are involved in stage 3 sleep? What happens? | Delta, deep sleep or slow-wave sleep, heart rate and respiration slow dramatically, difficult to awaken someone |
| What kinds of brain waves are involved in REM sleep? What happens? | Beta (similar to a person who is awake), rapid eye movement, dreaming, paralysis of muscle systems, high brain activity, low muscle tone |
| What are latent content of dreams? | hidden meaning of a dream |
| what do stimulant drugs do? | increase heart rate, BP, body temp. |
| what do depressant drugs do? | decrease heart rate, BP. |
| what do opiates do? | decrease pain, causes pupil dilation, decreased gut motility, decreased respiratory function |
| Depressants | Alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines (xanax) |
| Opiates | Opium, heroin, fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone, vicodin, methadone, pain relievers |
| Hallucinogens | Marijuana, LSD, peyote, mescaline, DMT, ketamine, PCP |
Created by:
jennawilk
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