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Ch 21 Cancer
Antineoplastic Agents
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are the 5 phases of the cell cycle? | first growth phase (G1), synthesis (S1), second growth phase (G2), mitosis (M), and resting phase (G0) |
How are agents most commonly given? | In combinations of 2 or more at a time |
How do Antimetabolites prevent cancer cell growth? | By affecting DNA production |
What are 7 therapeutic uses of the Antimetabolite Methotrexate (MTX)? | Used for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, meningeal leukemia, head and neck cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ectopic pregnancy, and inflammatory bowel disease. |
What are 3 drug interactions with the Antimetabolite Methotrexate (MTX)? | Avoid alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDs |
What are hormonal agents? | A class of heterogenous compounds that have various effects on cells. |
How do hormonal agents work? | They either block hormone production or block hormone action. |
Hormonal agents' action on malignant cells is _________ selective. They are the _____________ toxic of the anticancer medications. | highly, least |
What Antitumor Antibiotic is the single most active agent against breast cancer? | Doxorubicin |
What are the adverse effects of the Antitumor Antibiotic Doxorubicin? | Serious, irreversible myocardial toxicity, hypertension, and hypotension |
Describe the Antitumor Plicamycin? | A cytotoxic, antibiotic, and antineoplastic agent |
What is the mechanism of action for the Antitumor Plicamycin? | Appears to block the hypercalcemic action of vitamin D and may inhibit the effect of parathyroid hormone on bone cells (osteoclasts) |
What are the adverse effects of the Alkylating Agent Cyclophosphamide, including long-term toxicity? | anorexia, vomiting, alopecia (hair loss), leukopenia, and potentially serious hemorrhagic cystitis. Long-term toxicity includes sterility and carcinogenesis. |
How is the Alkylating Agent Melphalan well absorbed? | Orally |
What is the major use for the Alkylating Agent Melphalan? | The treatment of multiple myeloma (a special cancer of the white blood cells that causes abnormal plasma cells to develop) |
The Alkylating Agent Melphalan is usually used in combination with: | Prednisone |
What are other two uses for the Alkylating Agent Melphalan? | breast cancer and melanoma |
This is a Mitotic Inhibitor (Plant Alkaloid) and antineoplastic agent: | Etiposide |
What is the major use for the Mitotic Inhibitor (Plant Alkaloid) Etiposode? | Treatment of refractory testicular tumors as part of combination therapy. |
Immunosuppression has what harmful effects? | Makes the patient more vulnerable to infection. |
About _____% of patients with cancer die of intercurrent infections rather than from terminal phases of cancer. | 50% |