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MRI
EVERYTHING
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is used in the MRI suite to monitor patients? 1. Blood Pressure 2. ECG 3. Pulse Oximeter 4. End Tidal CO2 | All the above 1,2,3 and 4 |
| Normal resting heart rate of an adult is? | Between 60-90 beats per minute |
| Normal pulse rate should be about? | 60-100 beats/ minute |
| A pediatric pt undergoing MRI with conscious sedation should be given nothing by mouth (NPO) for ______ hours before sedation. | 4 |
| According to the FDA, a severe reaction to MR contrast would be described as ________. | Life threatening of permanently disabling |
| Contrast reactions are very rare in MRI injections, at a rate of ___________. | ~1% |
| If a pt with COPD, on oxygen, began to have difficulty breathing which of the following would be the recommended course of action? | Stop the test and call the pt nurse |
| DCE refers to | Dynamic Contrast Enhancement |
| ________ are reconstructed from diffusion weighted images with multiple b-values, and corresponds to the spatially distributed diffusion coefficients of the target tissues | ADC images |
| ________ occurs when tissue outside the FOV is undersampled, causing a misregistration of anatomical location, in the phase direction, but on the opposite side of the anatomical location, also known as wrap around artifact | aliasing artifact |
| An _______ comprises a multiprocessor that is switched in sequence and in parallel while simultaneously performing a computing task | array processor |
| ________ prevents or reduces motion artifacts in an MR image caused by the beating heart or pulsating blood flow and enables the images to be aacquired synchronized to movement | cardiac triggering |
| _______ is due to the difference in resonant frequencies between fat and water, causing a phase shift in voxels containing fat and water | chemical shift artifact |
| what is the term for the echo generated by switching a pair of dephasing and rephasing gradients, without the se of a 180 degree refocusing pulse | gradient echo |
| An MR sequence that begins with 180 RF inverting pulse followed by 90 RF excitation pulse, then 180 RF refocusing pulse is known as | inversion recovery |
| ________ is the magnetic and thermal environment through which nuclei exchange energy in longitudinal (T1) relaxation | lattice |
| _______ gradient- magnetic field gradient applied during the moment when the echo is formed | readout |
| MRA technique relying on flow related enhancement to distinguish between stationary spins and flowing spins | time of flight |
| _________ artifact primarily occurs along the frequency encoding axis | chemical shift |
| the height of a peak on an MR spectrum correlates to the ________ substance taht was detected | amount |
| if the TR in a gradient echo sequence is less than the T2 (or T2*), the resulting condition is known as | steady state |
| Longer ETL _______ overall scan times in FSE sequences | shorten |
| In FSE sequence, acquired with a short echo time (TE), yielding T1 or PD weighted images, blurring can be reduced by: using (longer or shorter?) ETL | shorter |
| structures that comprise the rotator cuff in the shoulder are | subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor and supraspinatus muscle and tendons (SSIT) |
| T2 FLAIR sequences are typically used for evaluation of | white matter disease |
| Short TAU inversion recovery (STIR) sequences are typically used for the evaluation of all the following EXCEPT | Fluid (CSF) |
| in a FSE sequence, the number of shots is calculated by | #phase encodings/ETL |
| Referencing the White paper on MRI safety, individuals identified as Level 1 personnel include | Those with limited MRI safety training |
| Which type of blood cell is responsible for phagocytosis? | leukocyte |
| During movement or transfer of patients, a urinary collection bag should be placed | below the level of the urinary bladder |
| As the TE is increased, the available number of slices are (increased or decreased?) | decreased (longer TE means fewer slices can fit into the TR period) |
| Which sequence is the most insensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneity? | Spin echo. A SE sequence contains a 180 RF refocusing pulse which aids in correcting local field inhomogeneities, therefore making them the most INSENSITIVE to chemical shift, susceptibility, or inhomogeneity |
| the energy used to form MRI images is ________ the patients tissues | emitted from |
| the _____ valve lies between the left atrium (LA) and the left ventricle (LV). | mitral |
| increasing TR, reducing the phase matrix, increasing the FOV, reducing (narrowing) the receiver bandwidth, increasing NEX/NSA and reducing the #ETL all help to ________ SNR | improve |
| decreasing TR _______ SNR | reduces |
| fat has a _____ T1 relaxation time and a _______ T2 relaxation time | short, short |
| water has a _____ T1 relaxation time and a _______ T2 relaxation time | long, long |
| scan time formula | (TR x phase matrix x NEX) / ETL = total in ms (divide by 1000 for seconds) |
| Reducing FOV will result in decreased SNR but _______ spatial resolution | increased |
| reducing the # ETL _______ overall scan time | increases |
| an increase in TE will ______ SNR | decrease |
| If the flip angle is doubled, RF deposition increases by a factor of: | 4 |
| (FOV/matrix) x (FOV/matrix)= | pixel area |
| pixel area x slice thickness = | voxel volume |
| 3D scan time formula | TR x phase matrix x NEX x # slices = total in ms (divide by 1000 for seconds) (then divide by 60 for min) |
| ______ is when only half the views of k-space are filled in the frequency axis | partial or fractional echo |
| as the number of phase encodings is increased from 256 to 512, SNR: increases or decreases? | decreases (less protons per voxel) |
| a narrow receiver bandwidth _______ susceptibility artifact, and should never be used in the presence of metal implants | increases |
| what effect would using a steep slice select slope and/or narrow bandwidth have on slice thickness? | slices will be thin |
| when imaging a hemorrhagic infarct in the brain, which pulse sequence would demonstrate the magnetic susceptibility effects better? | gradient echo |
Created by:
jveliz91
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