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Structure of Matter
Vocabulary related to the structure of matter
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Atom | The smallest unit of matter with unique properties |
| Molecule | Two or more atoms chemically combined; bonded by the sharing of electrons |
| Covalent bond | The bond created when two non-metal atoms share an electron pair |
| Ionic bond | The bond created when a non-metal atom takes an electron from a metal atom that gives up an electron |
| Element | A pure substance made up of only one type of atom. |
| Compound | A pure substance made up of two or more types of atoms that are chemically combined. |
| Periodic Table | A chart that organizes the elements according to its atomic properties. |
| Extended Structure | Two or more atoms chemically combined; bonded by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another |
| Proton | Subatomic particle in the nucleus with a mass of 1 amu, a positive charge, and determines the type of element. |
| Neutron | Subatomic particle in the nucleus with a mass of 1 amu, but has no charge, therefore, it is neutral |
| Electron | Subatomic particle in the electron cloud with a negative charge, but no discernable mass because it is so tiny. |
| Physical property | A characteristic that can be observed without changing the composition of the matter. |
| Chemical property | A characteristic that can only be observed by changing the composition of a piece of matter. |
| Chemical Symbol | A unique symbol made of one or two letters that represents an element |
| Chemical Formula | Formula for a substance that includes the chemical symbols and the number of atoms for each element in the substance. |
| Metal | Type of element in which its atoms give up electrons to other atoms during bonding |
| Non-metal | Type of element in which its atoms take electrons from other atoms during bonding |
| Mixture | Matter made up of different substances |
| Solid | Particles are closest together with low kinetic energy and can maintain its own shape and volume |
| Liquid | Particles are far apart enough to slide past one anther with enough kinectic energy to flow and can maintain its own volume, but not shape |
| Gas | Particles are furthest apart, with high kinetic energy, but cannot maintain its own shape or volume. |
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