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Logical Fallacies

AP Seminar

TermDefinition
Ad hominem When a writer's claim is answered by irrelevant attacks on their character
Bandwagon appeal When a course of action is recommended because everyone else is following it
Circular reasoning When a claim is based on the very grounds that are in doubt or dispute
Equivocation When a lie is given the appearance of truth, or in which the truth is misrepresented in deceptive language
False analogy When a comparison between two objects or concepts is inaccurate or inconsequential
False dilemma When a complicated issue is misrepresented as offering only two possible alternatives, one of which is often made to seem vastly preferable to the other
Faulty Casualty Making the unwarranted assumption that because one event follows another, the first event causes the second
Hasty generalization An inference drawn from insufficient evidence
Non-sequitur When claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect logically; one point doesn't follow from another
Red herring When a writer abruptly changes the topic in order to distract readers from potentially objectionable claims
Scare tactic Presenting an issue in terms of exaggerated threats or dangers
Slippery slope Exaggerating the possibility that a relatively inconsequential action or choice today will have serious adverse consequences in the future
Stacking the deck When the writer shows only one side of the argument
Straw man When an opponent's position is misrepresented as being more extreme than it actually is, so that it's easier to refute
Created by: 89skysco
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