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Research Methods
Psych
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| empirical approach | knowledge gathered through direct observation & measurements |
| controlled empiricism | controlled, objective methods to control for bias |
| methods used to study behavior & mental processes | survey/interviews, observation, physiological measures, & case studies |
| survey/interviews | verbal/written self-report on attitudes & behaviors |
| observation | watch & record |
| 2 types of observation | naturalistic & lab |
| physiological measures | measure hormones, skin conductance, brain activity |
| case study | in-depth study of individual or small group of people |
| advantage of case studies | generates research questions |
| disadvantage of case studies | not all findings from case studies will generalize to humans in general |
| advantages of surveys | can collect lots of info quickly & inexpensive |
| disadvantages of surveys | people may not know how they behave & not sure of attitudes, social desirability may affect responses |
| advantages of naturalistic observations | see how people behave in actual setting, people don't have to verbalize/be aware of their own behavior/attitudes |
| disadvantages of naturalistic observations | don't have complete control over situation (might have to wait for situation to arise), people might realize they're being observed & change behavior |
| advantages of lab observations | have complete control & have equipment on hand |
| disadvantages of lab observations | might be difficult to get participants & people will likely act differently in a lab than irl |
| question to ask when hearing conclusions of research study | how was data collected |
| why ask how was data collected | will determine strength/limitations of data/conclusions |
| common questions in psychology | are 2 variables related & does a change in one variable cause a change in the other variable |
| correlation | measure of extent to which 2 variables vary (change) together naturally |
| positive correlation | variables change in same direction |
| negative correlation | variables change in opposite direction |
| no correlation | the direction of one variable has no relationship to direction of other variable |
| advantage of correlational study | if 2 variables are related & we know something about 1 variable, we can make better predictions about other variable |
| bidirectionality issue | even if casual relationship exists, not sure which variable is cause & which is the effect |
| third variable issue | relationship between two variables could be driven completely by another variable |
| what is a limitation of a correlational finding | a correlational finding can NOT be used to draw conclusions about the casual relationships among the measured variables |
| experimental method | allows for casual conclusions |
| how do researchers get control | isolate variable of interest |
| variable of interest | the only thing that's systematically different between the groups/conditions being studied |
| how do we isolate variable of interest | manipulated variable of interest & keep all other variables constant across groups/conditions |
| random assignment | each participant has an equal chance to being assigned to either group & increases likelihood that each group has equal blend of participants |
| independent variable (IV) | variable that's manipulated to see if it has an effect on the dependent variable |
| dependent variable (DV) | variable that's measured to see if manipulation of IV had an effect |
Created by:
nat.riv
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