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laser
ortho foundations exam 1 material
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| light amplification of stimulated emission of radiation | laser |
| energy packet | photon |
| neutral particles | neuron |
| positive particles | proton |
| negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus | electron |
| release of a photon of energy equal to the one that was absorbed | spontaneous emission |
| external power sources causes population inversion | stimulated emission |
| environment of excited electrons | population inversion |
| 3 properties that distinguish laser from incadenscent light | coherence, monochromaticity, collimation |
| all photons of emitted light are of the same wavelength in phase with one another | coherence |
| only one wavelength of light is produced | monochromaticity |
| all photons move in a parallel fashion without diversion | collimation |
| types of lasers | high or low power |
| high power used for | surgical procedure, output > than 500 W |
| lower power used for | cold laser used for therapeutic effects, output its in mWatts |
| 2 laser techniques | gridding or scanning |
| gridding technique | treatment area divided into a grid of cm^2 |
| each cm^2 in gridding ____ | is stimulated for a specified time |
| scanning technique | move across whole treatment area over the course of the treatment |
| disadvantage of scanning | don't know how much energy each area is getting |
| dosage of gridding depends on | laser output, surface area of beam, treatment time |
| default energy dosage for gridding | 8 J / cm^2 |
| direct response | superficial response from absorption of light |
| indirect response | catalyzed response in deeper tissue |
| use laser if patient is in _____ stage | *primary fibroblastic repair stage |
| laser helps increase / stimulate | ATP production, DNA RNA synthesis, levels of beta endorphins and serotonin, collagen production |
| laser helps increase | tensile strength of healing tissues, reduces edema |
| laser works by _____ pain control | descending |
| laser protocols for tendonitis | 6 J/cm ^2 |
| laser protocol for arthritis | 8 J/cm ^2 |
| laser protocol for soft tissue injury | 5 J/cm ^2 |
| laser protocol for sprain / strain with edema | 7.5 J/cm ^2 |
| laser protocol for myofascial pain | 2 J/cm ^2 |
| contraindications for laser | application over eyes, over malignancies, 1st trimester of pregnancy |
| lasers treat ____ (superficial / deep) | superficial |
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thomask9
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