Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

chap 5 psyc

QuestionAnswer
sensation the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.
perception the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
bottom-up processing analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information..
top-down processing information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experiences and expectations
psychophysics the study of relationships between physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them
absolute threshold the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time
signal detection theory a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise).
subliminal below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness
priming the activation, often unconsciously of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response
difference threshold the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time. We experience the difference threshold as a just noticeable difference
weber's law the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount)
sensory adaption diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
transduction conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brains can interpret
wavelength distance from peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next
hue dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know was the color names blue, green, and so forth
intensity the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude
pupil the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
iris a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening
lens the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina
accommodation the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina
retina light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rod and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
acuity the sharpness of vision
nearsightedness a condition in which nearby objects are seen more clearly than distant objects because distant objects focus is front of the retina
farsightedness a condition in which faraway objects are seen more clearly than near objects because the image of near objects is focused behind the retina
rods retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond
cones retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations
optic nerve nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
blind spot the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there
fovea the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster
feature detectors nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angles, or movement
parallel processing processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
young-helmholtz trichromatic (three color) theory the theory that the retina contains three different color receptors- one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue-which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color
opponent process theory theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision
color constancy perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelength reflected by the object
audition the sense or act of hearing
frequency the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
pitch a tone's experienced highness or lowness, depends on frequency
middle ear chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window
cochlea a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses
inner ear the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs
place theory in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated
frequency theory in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch
conductive hearing loss hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to cochlea
sensorineural hearing loss hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves
cochlear implant a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
gat-control theory the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain
sensory interaction principle that one sense may influence another; as when the smell of food influences its taste
kinesthesis system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts
vestibular sense sense of body movement and position, including that sense of balance
Created by: I IS SMART ASFFF
Popular Psychology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards