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Psychology
Chapter 2
| Question/Term | Answer/Definition |
|---|---|
| Nervous system | Network of billions of cells, how the brain works with the body |
| What does the Nervous system do? | 1. Revives sensory information 2. Processes information 3.Responds |
| Central Nervous system | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| Neuron | Basic unit of nerve cell Communicates through chemical signals with neural network |
| What are the 4 main parts of a Neuron? | 1. Dendrite: Receive info (tip of branches) 2. Cell Body: Collect info (fire ball middle) 3. Axon: Send info (long stem) 4. Terminal Buttons: Release Chemical signals |
| Synapse | Fluid filled gap between neurons where chemical signals communicate |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemical Signals |
| Presynaptic Neuron | Sends info (first Neuron) |
| Postsynaptic Neuron | Receive info (second neuron) |
| What are the 3 Phases of Neuron communication? | Transmission:Create AP go down Axon to terminal buttons. AP->neurotransmitters to release at terminal buttons Reception:Neurotransmitters->spit out at terminal buttons&fit in receptors PostsynNeuron Intergration:Excitatory(yes AP)/Inhibitory(no AP)affec |
| Membrane | Permeable outer layer (neuron skin) |
| Ions | substance with an electric charge that move in and out of neuron (especially the axon) Ex. Sodium and potassium move in and out of exon movement allows for communication |
| Resting State | not using brain, not processing Potassium inside membrane(more negative) Sodium outside membrane (more positive) 60/-70mv is at rest |
| Action Potential (AP) | Impulse or push process of moving cells in neurons |
| Sodium Potassium pump | After AP sodium potassium pump puts neuron back to rest |
| Refractory period | Brief pause. less responsive to stimulation and less likely to have an AP |
| Myelin Sheath | Fatty like substance on axon that speeds up AP Allows for quick movements and reflexes |
| Meta Analysis | Collection of psychological articles that all study the same topic and finds similarities and differences |
| What 2 things can happen after an AP? | Reuptake: neurotransmitters are brought back up by the original neuron Enzyme Degradation: breakdown |
| What does the number of AP tell you? | The # of AP determines the strength of the stimulus, not the AP Ex: a poke might be 3 AP and a punch might be 9 AP The number of AP tells you how strong or weak it is |
| How do drugs alter how neurotransmitters work? | When you take a drug the same AP happens 1. (drug)Agonist: Enhance neurotransmitter 2. (drug)Antagonist: Inhibit Neurotransmitter |
| Acetylcholine Neurotransmitter | motor control attention, memory, learning |
| Norepinephrine Neurotransmitter | Arousal and alertness |
| Serotonin Neurotransmitter | Emotional states and impulse control Dreaming |
| Dopamine Neurotransmitter | Reward and motivation Motor control over voluntary movement |
| Gaba Neurotransmitter | Inhibit of AP Anxiety reduction Intoxication (thru alcohol) |
| Glutamate Neurotransmitter | Enhancement of AP Learning and memory |
| Endorphins Neurotransmitter | Pain Reduction Reward |
| Old Methods to study the brain | Phrenology: measure the skill bumps to analyze personality Correct Finding: Different areas of the brain have different functions |
| Modern methods to study the brain | EEG FMRI TMS |
| EEG | Electroencephalograph Measures electroactivity used in sleep studies |
| FMRI | Functional Magnetic resonance Imaging (the colorful one) Measures blood oxygen levels in brain (Blood flow) |
| TMS | Transcranial magnetic simulation Reversable paralysis of specific brain regions through magnetic fields |
| What are the 3 main divisions of the Brain? | Hindbrain Midbrain Forebrain |
| Hindbrain | Survival and primitive functions -connects with spinal cord -controls vial functions Medulla-heart rate, swallowing, breathing PONS-coordination of L/R body movements Cerebellum- Motor function |
| Mid Brain | Substantia Nigra: Voluntary movement and dopamine |
| Fore Brain | Cortical (on cortex) or subcortical (below cortex) Subcortical: called limbic system (emotions and memories) Thalums :SENSORY GATEWAY HYPOTHALAMUS:VITAL FUNCTIONS, KEEPS BODY BALANCED HIPPOCAMPUS – MEMORIEs |
| What are the 4 lobes of the Brain? | Occipital Parietal Temporal Frontal |
| Occipital Lobe | Vision and primary visual cortex |
| Parietal Lobe | Sense of touch L hemisphere get touch info from R side and vice versa Primitve sensory cortex: Strip in middle of brain |
| Temporal Lobe | Primary auditory cortex |
| Frontal Lobe | Complex thought and movement Prefrontal Cortex: Rational though, social cues Primary Cortex(rear): Left Hemisphere control Right side of body and vice versa |
| Nervous system | *look at flow chart* |
| Endocrine system | Hormones travelling through blood stream |
| Gonads | Sex glands for reproduction (testies, ovaries) Androgens- Testosterone Estrogens-Estradiol |
| Genes | Physical characteristics, predisposition to disease, personality, intelligence |
| Nature vs Nurture when it comes to genes | Environment affects how genes are expressed and influences mental activity and behavior |
| Behavior Genetics | Study of how genes and environments interact to effect mental activity |
| Epigenetics | Study of how genes affect the environment |
| Plasticity | When neural connections physically change |
Created by:
VM1104
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