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PSYC- Unit One- Voca
Study Guide over Unit One
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Jobs In Psychology | Sport Psych. / Marketing and advertising / organizational development and human resources |
| Applied Science | Application of science knowledge to practical problems or situations. |
| Psychological Science | A branch of science dealing with the mental processes and behavior of individuals and groups |
| Type 2 Error | Relations |
| Type 1 Error | No relationship |
| Null-Hypothesis significance testing (NHST) | Test / research tries disproving or show the hypothesis wrong |
| Theory | Conclusions drawn from closely related phenomena or multiple time. |
| Observation | Careful examination of the real world / measurable and concrete |
| Hypothesis | A logical idea that can be evaluated / tested |
| Science | An approach to inquiry that is tired to actual measurement and observation. |
| Scholar-Practitioner (Vail Model) | Emphasizes clinical training practice over research / 1973 |
| Scientist-Practitioner (Boulder Model) | Emphasizes both practice and research / formalized in 1949 and used for PH.D. programs. |
| Psychophysics | The relationship between experience of senses and external reality |
| Introspection | Naming elements of consciousness scientifically |
| Functionalism | What the mind does - behaviors and such |
| Structuralism | Studying contents of the mind and naming those various parts (physical) |
| Behaviorists | Focused on what was observable and measurable / goal was predication and control behavior |
| Gestalt Psychology | Studying the whole is greater than the sum of its parts / later became cognitive psychology / For example: looking at behavior, language, critical thinking skills looked all at once |
| Empiricism | The primary of senses in getting knowledge (touch, smell, hearing, taste, sight) |
| Internal Validity | Degree to which cause-effect relationship between two variables has been unambiguously established, or the degree to which a study allow unambiguous causal inferences |
| External Validity | Degree to which a study ensures that potential findings apply to settings / samples other than ones being studied |
| Ecology Validity | The degree to which an effect has been obtained under conditions that are typical for what happens in everyday life |
| Independent Variable | Research manipulates and controls in an experiment |
| Depend Variable | Research measures but does not manipulate in an experiment |
| Random Assignment | Assigning participants to receive different conditions of an experiment by chance |
| Placebo Effect | When receiving special treatment or something new affects human behavior |
| Confounding Variables | Factors that undermine the ability to draw causal inferences from an experiment |
| Survey | Used to gather data such as satisfaction on preferences |
| Longitudinal Studies | Repeated observation of same variables over long periods of time |
| Culture | A pattern of shared meaning and behavior |
| Culture Intelligence | The ability and willingnessto apply cultural awareness to practical uses |
| Cultural Relativism | Principled objection to passing overly culture-bound judgement on aspects of other cultures |
| Ethnocentric bias (ethnocentrism) | Unduly guided by the beliefs of the culture you've grown up in , especially when this results in a misunderstanding or sipagagement of unfamiliar cultures |
| Value Judgement | An assessment- based on one's own preferences and priorities- about the basic "goodness" or "badness" of a concept or practice |
Created by:
PlantKid80
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