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History of Anatomy

History of human anatomy - Cox College BIOL 205

QuestionAnswer
Who wrote what is believed to be the first anatomy manual? Menes - Scientific Period
When was anatomy first widely accepted as a science? Grecian Period
Who was known as the "father of medicine"? Why? Hippocrates (Grecian Period), because he realized that diseases were not caused upset Gods - but by natural causes.
Who created the Humoral Theory and explain. Hippocrates believed that if one of the four "humors" of the body were out of balance is why/how you were sick.
What are the 4 body functions of the Humoral Theory? Blood (liver), phlegm (lungs), yellow bile (gall bladder), and black bile/melancholy (spleen)
Who wrote the first known description of embryological development? Aristotle - Grecian Period
What is the difference between vivisections and cadavers? Vivisections are "live dissections", cadavers are dead human bodies used for dissections.
Who was the first person who regarded the brain of the center of intelligence? Also described as the butcher of men Herophilus - Alexandrian Era
Who was known as the "father of physiology"? Why? Erasistratus - Alexandrian Era He was more interested in how the body functions. Studied diseases and effects of snake venom.
Who is the most influential writer of all times on medial subjects? Why? Galen (Roman Era), because he wrote more than 500 papers on the experimentation of anatomy and medicine. Even though most of his writings were incorrect, his experimentation and methods had great influence.
Who was Galen's anatomy instuctor who wrote "Introductiones Hippocraticae"? First person to believe that arteries and veins arise from the brain just like nerves. Pelops - Roman Era
Who presevred medical information and complied it into a 8 volume "De re medicina"? Celsus - Roman Era
Explain the Middle/Dark Ages: Science was greatly suppressed by the Christian Church. Dissections were totally prohibited and punishable by death.
Known as the greatest scientist and artist? Drew "fetuses in utero" Leonardo da Vinci - Renaissance
Who is known as the "father of modern anatomy" and the reformer of anatomy? "De Humani Corporis Fabrica" Andreas Vesalius - Renaissance
Who made a detailed study of the circulatory system using the scientific method? William Harvey - 17th/18th centuries
Who achieved 270x magnification and was known as the "father of microscopy"? Antoni van Leeuwenhoek - 17th/18th centuries
Who invented the mircoscope? Zacharius Janssen -17th/18th centuries
Who is known as the "father of histology"? He discovered capillaries, alveoli of the lungs, and histology of the spleen and liver. Marcello Malpighi - 17th/18th centuries
Who was the first person to call the units of life "cells"? Robert Hooke - 17th/18th centuries
Who summarized all known information on the nervous system? Thomas Willis - 17th/18th centuries
Who identified cytoplasm in the cell? Jean Baptiste Lamarck - 19th century
Who described the difference between plant and animal cells? Rene Dutrochet - 19th century
Who created the cell theory? Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann - 19th century
Two most important statements in cell theory: 1: the cell is the most basic, independent unit of life 2: all living organisms are composed of one or more cells
Who stated that "all cells come from pre-existing cells" refuting "spontaneous generation"? Rudolf Virchow - 19th century
Created by: jessie_richards
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