Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
B4-DRUGS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acetazolamide (Dorzolamide) | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Glaucoma: reduces IOP by 50% thru reduction of bicarb cxn in ocular fluid. Acetalso for altitude sickness. |
| Brimonidine (apraclonidine, clonidine) | selective alpha-2-adrenergic agonist. Tx open angle glaucoma and ocular HTN. Decr IOP w/o causing mydriasis (dilation) by decr aq humor production and incr uveoscleral aq humor outflow. Side effects: xerostomia, conjunctival hyperemia, HA, blur vision |
| Latanoprost | An analog of F2alpha prostaglandin, absorbed thru cornea where it is hydrolyzed to the acid form to become biologically active. Increases uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor. Side effects: eye irritation and pigment changes. |
| Mannitol | Parenteral osmotic diuretic. IV admin. Elevated blood osmolality to facilitate flow of fluid out of the eye (and brain/other tissues). Systemic side effects: pulm congestion, fluid electrolyte imbalance, acidosis, thirst, diuresis, etc. |
| Timolol | Nonselective, beta-blocker, reduces aq humor production and possibly outflow (beta receptors in cilliary epithelium linked to Na/K-ATPase, to incr Na into ocular fluid, so blocking it decr osmosis), side effects: visual acuity, pupil size, accommodation |
| ASA | NSAID, irrev COX1 inhibitor, no leukotriene action. Side effects: GI (N/V, heartburn, ulcers), hemorrhage, hyperthermia, tinnitus, hearing loss. |
| Celecoxib | NSAID, COX2, no inhib of platelet aggregation (as seen in ASA or other NSAIDs). Side effects: GI, incr cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke. |
| Diclofenac | NSAID, competitive/nonselective COX inhibitor, IM admin, fast acting. Low side effects. Concern about hepatotoxicity. |
| Ibuprofen | NSAID, competitive/nonselective COX inhibitor. |
| Indomethacin | potent NSAID, for more serious pain caused by inflammation. Side effects: GI. |
| Ketorolac | NSAID, pain relief efficacy and onset similar to that of morphine, but no drowsy side effects, DO NOT USE FOR MORE THAN 5 CONSECUTIVE DAYS DUE TO SIDE EFFECTS. |
| Naproxen, Sulindac, Meloxicam | NSAID. Meloxicam moreso a cox2, but not as much as celecoxib is. |
| Acetaminophen | Non-opioid analgesic (not an NSAID), antipyretic, good for patients with underlying renal dz. Fewer GI/renal side effects, better for old people. May lead to dose-dependent hepatotoxicity. |
| Buprenorphine | Analgesic, partial mu-receptor opioid agonist, sulingual admin for tx of opiod depndence, longer duration of action than morphine. Side effects (like most opioids): N/V, drowsy, dry mouth |
| Codeine | Analgesic, moderate mu-receptor opioid agonist, 10-15% conversion to morphine. Side effects (like most opioids): N/V, drowsy, dry mouth, constipation |
| Hydromorphone | Analgesic, mod to strong mu-receptor opioid agonist, similar to morphine. |
| Dextromethorphan | Antitussive, no expectorant activity, lack significant opioid activity except for cough suppression, also has NMDA blocker properties. Side effects: death at learge OD doses |
| Diphenoxylate | Antidiarrheal, inhibits GI motility, slows excess GI propulsion, no analgesic/opioid effects, atropine added to prevent drug abuse (high doses cause antimuscarinic effects) |
| Loperamide | Antidiarrheal, direct action on longitudinal and circular muscles in intestinal wall to slow motility, no analgesic or opiate like effects even at high doses, no physical dependence. Side effect: constipation, dizzy |
| Fentanyl | strong mu/kappa opioid receptor agonist, more potent than morphine, shorter duration of action and half life, but faster onset than morphine. Morphine like side effects. Chest wall rigidity may occur following IV admin. |
| Hydrocodone | mod mu-receptor opioid agonist, often paired w/acetaminophen, same side-effects as other opioids or acetaminophen. |
| Meperidine | mod-strong mu-receptor opioid agonist, risk of seizures (only use for short duration), contraindicated with MAO inhibitors |
| Oxycodone | mod-strong mu-receptor opioid agonist, analgesia similar to morphine in equianalgesic doses, causes less N/V and hallucinations than morphine. |
| Methadone | strong mu-receptor opioid agonist, analgesic properties similar to morphine. Used in withdrawl of opioids for suppression of withdrawl symptoms. |
| Morphine | strong mu-receptor opioid agonist, side effects: constipation, N/V, mental confusion. Biliary spasms, miosis (constriction), respiratory depression, truncal rigidity. |
| Naloxone | Opioid receptor antagonist (mu>kappa, delta), repeated doses may be needed when long-acting opioids are involved, IV/subcut/IM admin, ineffective orally unless large doses are given, no real adverse effects. |
| Naltrexone | same as naloxone but better oral availability, so used for longterm rehab. Opioid receptor antagonist (mu>kappa, delta), repeated doses may be needed when long-acting opioids are involved, adverse effects: N/V, HA, dizzy, fatigue, nervous |
| Pentazocine | Analgesic, mixed opioid agonist (mu/kappa)/antagonist, 1/6th to 1/3rd as potent as morphine, short duration of action and dysphoria, adverse effects less than morphine. |
| Propoxyphene | weak agonist at mu opioid receptors within the CNS, less effective than codeine or ASA, high doses limited by side effects and toxic psychosis. |
| Tramadol | Weak opioid mu-receptor agonist (not an opioid derivative), good for breakthru pain when using an NSAID or as an alt to NSAIDs bc no GI side effects, also weakly inhibits NE and serotonin reuptake in CNS to inhibit pain transmission to CNS. |
| Benzocaine | Ester local anesthetic, short acting, topical pain relief (used in endoscopic procedures). Blocks Na+ voltage dependent channels to block nerve conduction. Adverse effects: PABA metabolite can causes alrgc rxns, can cause > nml met-Hb in bld |
| Cocaine | Ester local anesthetic, short acting, topical anesthetic and vasoconstrictor. Blocks Na+ channels to block nerve conduction. Vasoconstrict: block of NE reuptake, incr adrenergic innerv to bld vessels. Side effect: rapid, unexpected, severe (rare) |
| Lidocaine | Amide local anesthetic, moderate duration of effect, blcok Na+ voltage channels, decr nerve conduction, adverse effects uncommon but related to systemic absorption. |
| Bupivacaine (marcain) | Amide local anesthetic, long duration of action (6-8 hrs). Block voltage dependent Na+ channels. Adverse effects: Cardiotoxic is exposed systemically (rare) |
| Ropivacaine | Amide local anesthetic, long duration of action, less than bupivacaine. Block voltage dependent Na+ channels. Adverse effects: less cardiotoxic than bupivacaine. |
| EMLA | topical anesthetic, Eutetic Mixture of Local Anesthetics (lido/prilocaine), adverse effects: allergy or skin erythema/edema |
| Topiramate | Oral anticonvulsant; neuropathic pain med. Modulates Na+ gated channels, potentiates GABA inhibiton, blocks excitatory glutamate neurotransmission, modulates Ca2+ gated channels, adverse effects: somnolence, nausea, numbness |
| Gabapentin/pregabalin | Oral anticonvulsant; neuropathic pain med. Modulates Ca2+ gated channels, no GABA activity, adverse effects: somnolence, dizzy |
| Amitripyline | TCA; neuropathic pain med. NE/5-HT reuptake inhibitor, NA+ channel blocker, NMDA antagonist activity. Adverse effects: anticholinergic effects (opposite of SLUDGE); can lead to delirium in elderly |
| Capsaicin | Topical analgesic, peppers, binds to thermal nociceptors -> sensation of heat. Multiple applications deplete subs P from sensory neurons resulting in nociceptor desensitization. Low pt compliance due to itchy/stinging/burning sensation on application. |
| Baclofen | skeletal muscle relaxant; spasmolytic drug. Used to treat spasticity and improve mobility in patients with MS and other spinal cord lesions. Adverse effects: drowsy, N/V, muscle weakness and hypotonia at high doses. Abrupt D/C may cause withdrawl. |
| Carisoprodol (Soma) | skel muscle relaxant. CNS mech related to GABA receptor effects not direct to skel muscle. Adverse effects: drowsy/dizzy |
| Cyclobenzaprine | skel muscle relaxant. CNS action, no direct skel muscle action. Adverse effects: CNS depression and or anticholinergic effects. |
| Tizanidine | centrally acting, selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist. Skel muscle relaxant. CNS alpha2 agonist to decr excitatory amino acids leading to inhibiton of spinal motor neurons. Adverse effects: asthenia(weak/fatigue), xerostomia, dose dependent hypotensn |
Created by:
THerzogA
Popular Pharmacology sets