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Sociology Population
2nd period Tori and Jina
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Population | number of people living in an area at a particular time |
| Demography | the area of sociology devoted to the study of human population |
| Birth rate | most popular measure of birth in population |
| Fertility | actual number of births occurring to women of childbearing age |
| Fecundity | biological capability to bear children |
| Mortality | the number of deaths in society |
| Death rate | most popular measure of death in population |
| Infant mortality rate | annual number of deaths among infants under 1 year per 1,000 live births in population |
| Life expectancy | the average number of years a person born in a specific year is expected to live |
| Migration | the movement of people from an area to another |
| Migration rate | annual difference between in migration and out migration |
| Growth rate | the rate at which the population is increasing |
| Doubling time | the number of years necessary for a population to double in size at its current rate of growth |
| Malthusian theory | a theory that predicted the population would soon reach astronomical numbers |
| Demographic Transition Theory | a theory that states population patterns are tied to a society’s level of technological development |
| Zero population growth | the point at which nearly equal birth rates and death rates produce a growth rate of zero |
| Family planning | the conscious decision by couples to have a certain number of children |
| Urbanization | a concentration of population in cities |
| City | a permanent concentration of a relatively large number of people who are engaged mainly in non-farming activities |
| Overurbanization | a situation in which more people live in a city than can be supported in terms of jobs and facilities |
| Urban ecology | an approach that examines the relationship between people and the urban environment |
| Concentric Zone Model | a model that shows that a typical industrial city spreads outward from the center, resulting in a series of circles or zones |
| Sector Model | a model that shows that growth occurs in wedge-shaped sectors |
| Multiple Nuclei Model | a model that shows that a city doesn’t develop around one center but many |
| Urban sprawl | a phenomenon characterized by poorly planned development on the edge of cities and towns |
| Urban anomie Theory | a theory stating that a city is an anonymous and unfriendly place and living there carries serious negative consequences for residents |
| Compositional Theory | a theory that examined the ways in which a composition of a city’s population influences life in the city |
| Subcultural theory | a theory that states cities encourage rather than discourage the formation of primary group relationships |
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