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Psychology
Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1. naturalistic observation | research method in which the psychologist observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering. |
| 2. case study | research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants. |
| 3. longitudinal study | research method in which data are collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development. |
| 4. cross-sectional study | research method in which data are collected from groups of participants of different ages and compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age. |
| 5. Correlation | the measure of a relationship between two variables or sets of data. |
| 6. Variable | any factor that is capable of change. |
| 7. experimental group | experimental group- the group to which an independent variable is applied. |
| 8. control group | the group that is treated in the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment (the independent variable) is not applied. |
| 9. self-fulfilling prophecy | a situation in which a researcher’s expectations influence that person’s own behavior, and thereby influence the participant’s behavior. |
| 10. single-blind experiment | an experiment in which the participants are unaware of who received the treatment. |
| 11. Double-blind experiment | an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment. |
| 12.placebo effect | a change in a participant’s illness or behavior that results from a belief that the treatment will have an effect rather than from the actual treatment. |
| 13. Descriptive statistics | The listing and summarizing of data in a practical, efficient way. |
| 14. frequency distribution | an arrangement of data that indicates how often a particular score or observation occurs. |
| 15. normal curve | a graph of frequency distribution shaped like a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve; a graph of normally distributed data. |
| 16.central tendency | a number that describes something about the “average” score of a distribution variance. |
| 17. standard deviation | a measure of variability that describes an average distance of every score from the mean. |
| 18. Variance | a measure of variability that is the mean of the squares of the deviations from the mean of the set of data. |
| 19. correlation coefficient | describes the direction and strength of the relationship between two sets of variables. |
| 20. inferential statistics | numerical methods used to determine whether research data support a hypothesis or whether results were due to chance. |
Created by:
maddielansford
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