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Apologia Science
Physical Science Final reveiw module 8-16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Updraft | A current of rising air |
| Insulator | A substance that does not conduct electricity very well |
| Reference point | A point against which position is measured |
| Vector quantity | A physical measurement that contains directional information |
| Scalar quantity | A physical measurement that does not contain directional information |
| Acceleration | The time rate of change of an object's velocity |
| Free fall | The motion of an object when it is falling solely under the influence of gravity |
| Newtons's First Law | An object in motion(or at rest)will tend to stay in motion(or at rest)until it is acted upon by an outside force |
| Inertia | The tendency of an object to resist changes in its velocity |
| Friction | A force that opposes motion,resulting from the contact of two surfaces |
| Newton's Second Law | When an object is acted on by one or more outside forces,the total force is equal to the mass of the object times the resulting acceleration |
| Kinetic friction | Friction that opposes motion once the motion has already started |
| Static friction | Friction that opposes the initiation of motion |
| Newton's Third Law | For every action,there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| Centripetal force | The force necessary to make an object move in a circle.It is directed perpendicular to the velocity of the object,which means it points toward the center of the circle |
| Photon | A small "package" of light that acts like a particle |
| Charging by conduction | Charging an object by allowing it to come into contact with an object that already has an electrical charge |
| Charging by induction | Charging an object without direct contact between the object and a charge |
| Electrical current | The amount of charge that travels past a fixed point in an electric circuit each second |
| Conventional current | Current that flows from the positive side of the battery to the negative side.This is the way current is drawn in a circuit diagrams, even though it is wrong |
| Resistance | The ability of a material to impede the flow of charge |
| Open circuit | A circuit that does not have a complete connection between the two sides of the power source.As a result,current does not flow |
| Model | A schematic description of a system that accounts for its known properties |
| Nucleus | The center of an atom , containing the protons and neutrons |
| Atomic number | The number of protons in an atom |
| Mass number | The sum of the numbers of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Isotopes | Atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons |
| Element | A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons |
| Radioactive isotope | An atom with a nucleus that is not stable |
| Half-life | The time it takes for half of the original sample of a radioactive isotope to decay |
| Transverse wave | A wave with a direction of propagation that is perpendicular to its direction of oscillation |
| Longitudinal wave | A wave with a direction of propagation that is parallel to its direction of oscillation |
| Supersonic speed | Any speed that is faster than the speed of sound in the substance of interest |
| Sonic boom | The sound produced as a result of an object traveling at or above Mach 1 |
| Pitch | An indication of how high or low a sound is, which is primarily determined by the frequency of the sound wave |
| Electromagnetic wave | A transverse wave composed of an oscillating electric field and a magnetic field that oscillates perpendicular to the electric field |
| The Law of Reflection | The angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence |
| Nuclear fusion | The process by which two or more small nuclei fuse to make a bigger nucleus |
| Nuclear fission | The process by which a large nucleus is spilt into smaller nuclei |
| Critical mass | The amount of isotope necessary to sustain a chain reaction |
| Absolute magnitude | The brightness of a star, corrected for distance, on a scale of -8 to +19.The smaller the number,the brighter the star |
| Apparnet magnitude | The brightness of a star as seen in the night sky.The smaller the number,the brighter the star |
| Light year | The distance light could travel along a straight line in one year |
| Galaxy | A large ensemble of stars,all interacting through the gravitational force and orbiting around a common center |
Created by:
Makenshi
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