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1 Ch - Phy Sci M 2A

Apologia Physical Science M 2A

QuestionAnswer
matter anything that has mass and takes up space
properties characteristics that describe how one kind of matter is different from another
pure substance matter that cannot be separated into any other substance and always has exactly the same composition
element a pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance and contains only one type of atom
atom the smallest chemical unit of an element
compound a pure substance that contains two or more elements chemically joined in a fixed proportion
molecule the smallest unit of a chemical compound, composed of two or more atoms bonded together
mixture two or more substances mixed together but not chemically bonded
solution a homogeneous mixture made by dissolving one substance in another
solute the substance in a solution that gets dissolved
solvent the substance in a solution in which the solute dissolves
heterogeneous mixture when the parts of a mixture are noticeably different from one another
homogeneous mixture appears to contain only one type of substance because the substances are so evenly distributed
solid the state of matter in which a substance has a definite shape and a definite volume
liquid the state of matter in which a substance has a definite volume
gas the state of matter in which a substance has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume
the three most common states or phases of matter on Earth solid, liquid, and gas
density the ratio of a substance's mass to its volume
plasma 4th state of matter, most of the matter in the universe, exists where temperatures reach millions of degrees Celsius
Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) a fifth state of matter, made in a laboratory in 1995, also made in space in 2018
kinetic energy the energy an object has due to its motion
Solid particles ______________ around fixed positions but do not move within the substance. vibrate
Liquid particles vibrate AND are free to move around each other.
Gas particles are in constant, random motion.
Audience members are like the particles in a solid.
The particles in a liquid have more kinetic energy than the particles in a solid.
Gas particles have the most kinetic energy, moving about 990 miles/hour.
Runners in a race are like particles in a liquid.
Bouncers in a bounce house are like gas particles.
diffusion the natural/passive movement w/in gases & liquids that spreads out particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Brownian motion description of the random movement of particles in a liquid or gas caused by the collisions w/ other atoms or molecules
Robert Brown Scottish botanist, observed pollen moving randomly in water in 1827
As temperature increases, kinetic energy increases.
Diffusion occurs faster in gases than liquids because there is more space between gas particles & gas particles have more kinetic energy than liquid particles.
metals generally shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, typically solids at room temperature
nonmetals poor conductors of heat/electricity, vary in appearance but generally dull in appearance
In science, we describe substances based on their physical properties and chemical properties.
physical properties characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the composition or identity of the substance
Physical properties include appearance, odor, conductivity, density, hardness, malleability, viscosity, and melting and boiling points.
conductivity the ability of a substance to allow heat to flow through it
The density of a substance does not depend on the amount of the substance.
Things that are less dense will float on top of things that are more dense.
As a substance cools, the speed of movement of its particles slows down.
Created by: MrsHough
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