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Psych Ch 1

History, vocab

QuestionAnswer
Structuralism Early school of thought, started by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, revealed structure of human mind through introspection, depended on self reports which made it unreliable
What is Wilhelm Wundt associated with? Structuralism
What is Edward Titchener associated with? Structuralism
Introspection Self reflection, looking inward
Functionalism Early school of thought, started by William James and expanded upon Charles Darwin, explored how mental/behavioral processes function, focused on evolved functions
Psychology Study of behavior and mental processes
How do mental/behavioral processes function? Adapt, survive, grow
Why do functions evolve? Because they adapt
Psychoanalytic Psych. Thought of by Sigmund Freud, emphasized ways the unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect behavior
What is William James associated with? Functionalism
What is Charles Darwin associated with? Functionalism, Evolutionary Psych, natural selection
What is Sigmund Freud associated with? Psychoanalytic Psych.
Behaviorism View that psych. should be: an objective science/studied behavior without reference to mental process, started by John B Watson and then B.F Skinner
What is John B Watson associated with? Behaviorism
What is B.F. Skinner associated with? Behaviorism
Humanistic Psych. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow found psychoanalytic/behaviorism limiting, focused on growth potential/needs for love and acceptance/ environmental impact
What is Carl Rogers associated with? Humanistic Psych.
What is Abraham Maslow associated with? Humanistic Psych.
Cognitive Psych. Study of mental processes involved in perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, communicating, and solving problems
Cognitive Neuroscience Study of brain activity connected to cognition (thinking, knowing, remembering, communicating), studies activity underlying mental activity
Evolutionary Psych, Study of evolution of behavior and the mind using natural selection, supported by Charles Darwin
Positive Psychology Study of human flourishing with hopes of discovering/promoting strengths and virtues to help people thrive, supported by Martin Seligman
What is Martin Seligman associated with? Positive Psychology
Basic Research Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
What is an example of basic research? Biologist researchers exploring ideas from brain to mind, social researchers exploring how we view/affect each other
Applied Research Scientific study aimed to solve practical problems
What is an example of applied research? Industrial organized psychology uses psychology concepts in workplace to help organizations select employees, boost morale, and design products
Hypothesis Testable prediction, supports theories
Independent Variable Factor being manipulated, effect is studied
Cofounding variables Factors other than that being studied that could affect result
Dependent variable Outcome measured, may change when IV is manipulated
Operational definition Specify the procedures that manipulate the independent variable or measure the dependent variable, offers a level of precision that allows for replication
Population All those in group being studied, random samples are drawn from here
Random sample fairly represented population because each member had equal chance of inclusion
Good theory Produces testable predictions (of events/behaviors), summarizes/simplifies
Scientific method Armed by scientific attitude, data should support theory or theory should be revised, submit work for review, then publication
Experimental group Group exposed to version of IV
Control group Not exposed to IV, compared to experimental group
Informed consent Giving ppl enough info ab study so that they can choose to be involved // patients should be protected from harm, indiv. info should be confidential, fully debrief
Tuskegee study Study to observe untreated syphallis, told patients the were being treated when they really were not
Belmont study Identify ethical principles/guidelines, respect of ppl/beneficience/justice
Created by: MikalahQuillen
Popular Psychology sets

 

 



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