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RADT425 Ch. 3 & 4

QuestionAnswer
T/F: The heart has greater magnification on a radiograph in an AP projection compared to a PA. True
For a pneumothorax or a pneumonectomy, we should decrease kVp by ____%. 8
An indication for pneumothorax or a pneumonectomy on a radiograph is: lack of lung markings
Excessive lung markings on a radiograph can indicate: fibrosis, interstitial edema, or compression of the lung tissue
A trachea tube should be _____ inches superior to carina 1-2 inches
An ETT should be _____ inches superior to carina 1-2 inches
And a PICC Line should be in the _________. SVC “superior vena cava”
T/F: Care should be taken when lifting the arm of a patient whose pacemaker was inserted within 24 hours of the examination. True as elevation may dislodge the pacemaker and catheter
For a PA Chest, look for: Look for elongation of ribs, widening of SC joint, patient's chin, Clavicles, and if the Scapulas are pulled out and away from lungs
On a PA Chest, a hypersthenic patient generally has a ____ (short/long) thorax and a _____ (low/high) diaphragm. short thorax and high diaphragm
On a PA Chest, an asthenic patient generally has a ____ (short/long) thorax and a _____ (low/high) diaphragm. long thorax and low diaphragm
The patient is in position for a PA chest, but on the radiograph you notice the left ribs appear elongated. What oblique is the patient in? RAO
For an AP/PA Chest radiograph, the Clavicles ideally should be _____ inch(s) below the apices. 1 inch
On a PA chest radiograph, you notice the scapulas are in the lung field, what should you do? Have to patient roll their shoulders forward and abduct arms away from thorax slightly
On a PA chest, if the patient is leaned downward there will be ______ (more/less) than 1 inch of the apices is demonstrated above the clavicles. more than 1 inch
On a PA chest, if the patient is leaned backwards there will be ______ (more/less) than 1 inch of the apices is demonstrated above the clavicles. less than 1 inch
On deep inspiration the lungs expand in three dimensions: 1. Transversely 2. AP 3. Vertically
On a PA chest radiograph, how many ribs should be seen above the diaphragm? 9
For a lateral chest radiograph: The Right and left posterior ribs should be superimposed, no more than 1/2 inch of space between ribs, the sternum should be in profile, the costophrenic angle should be included, and the patient’s arms should be up and out of the lung fields
Lateral chest rotation should on a radiograph would need to be repeated if the space between the right and left posterior ribs are greater than _________. 0.5 inch
How can you tell on a lateral chest which way the patient is rotated? You can look for the gastric air bubble in the stomach which is on the left side to tell of the left side is anterior or posterior to the patient's right side
__________ may cause the appearance of rotation because of the lateral deviation of the vertebral column. Scoliosis
On an AP chest, excessive _________ (caudal/cephalic) angulation will cause more than 1 inch of the lung apices to be superior to the clavicles. caudal
On an AP chest, excessive _________ (caudal/cephalic) angulation will cause less than 1 inch of the lung apices to be superior to the clavicles. cephalic
If the patient is kyphotic, to obtain an optimal AP chest radiograph the technologist can: Place a 5-degree caudal angle on the CR
A lateral decubitus chest is primarily used to confirm what? Air fluid levels, Pneumothorax, or Pleural effusion
How do you determine which side is don for the decubitus chest? If it is for a pneumothorax, the affected side should be up. If it is for pleural effusion, the affected side should be down
For an AP Axial or a lordotic chest: The sternal clavicular ends of the clavicles should be projected superior to the lung apices
This position can be beneficial with kyphotic pts to see the apices or to get the chin out of the anatomy: AP Lordotic CXR
For a Neonate (child under 28 days old) AP Chest, ____ posterior ribs should be seen above the diaphragm. 8
For an Infant AP Chest, ____ posterior ribs should be seen above the diaphragm. 9
How do we know on an abdominal image if the subject contrast is appropriate? When we can see the outline of the psoas major muscles, the kidneys, and the bony inferior ribs
On an AP abdomen, the right kidney is inferior to the left kidney, why? The liver is on the right side
What are NG tubes used for? Feeding, removal of gas/ secretions by suction, radiographic examinations of the stomach
For an Upright Abdomen looking for free air, the patient should be upright for _____________ minutes before the radiograph is taken. 5 to 20 minutes
What should you analyze radiographically to ensure an AP abdomen what properly positioned? The iliac wings should be symmetrical, the long axis of the vertebral column should be centered, and the sacrum should be in line with the MSP or symphysis pubis
Radiographically, a hypesthenic patient's abdomen will appear: With a broad lower thorax and a wide upper abdomen 
Radiographically, a asthenic patient's abdomen will appear: With a narrow lower thorax, a long torso, and a wide lower abdomen 
Radiographically, a asthenic patient's abdomen will appear: With an average torso width and length , with an abdominal cavity that is the same width at the upper and lower abdomen (most common)
On an AP abdomen radiograph, you notice the patient's left iliac wing is open, the right iliac wing is foreshortened, and the sacrum is to the right of the symphysis pubis. Which position is the patient laying? LPO
Why do we want expiration on abdomen projections? We will have a more uniform contrast within the abdominal cavity and the organs around it
To best demonstrate intraperitoneal air on an abdomen decubitus study, the patient should be on their side for how long before exposure? 5 to 20 minutes
For a PA finger: The soft tissue width and midshaft concavity should be equal on both sides of the phalanges, the IP and MCP joints should be open, there should be no foreshortening, and the finger and HALF of the Metacarpal should be are included in the exposure
Where do you center for a PA finger? PIP joint
Where should you place your marker to the patient, medially or laterally? Laterally
If the patient's fingers cannot be fully extended you can: Use an AP projection (never force)
T/F: On a Oblique Finger, there should be some slight separation of the patient’s fingers to prevent overlap of soft tissue. True
On a radiograph for a lateral finger we should expect concavity on the _________ (anterior/posterior) side. anterior
For a PA Hand: The soft tissue outlines should be uniform, all of the joint spaces should be open, and make sure the fingers are spread apart
For a PA Oblique Hand: There should be more concavity on one side than the other, the first and second MC heads should not be superimposed, but the rest should be slightly, there shouldn’t be much soft tissue overlap, and we still want to stretch out the fingers
For a Lateral Hand: The 2nd-5th Metacarpals should be superimposed, and the thumb should be in a slight PA oblique projection
For a PA wrist, the ulnar styloid should be seen in profile _________ (medially/laterally). laterally
For a PA wrist, the radial styloid should be seen in profile _________ (medially/laterally). medially
If the humerus is not on the same place and the same level as the forearm what occurs? Closing of the joint space and foreshortening from the tilt
For a lateral elbow, the elbow should be flexed ______ degrees. 90
On a lateral elbow radiograph, the Trochlear sulcus should appear: Round or circular
For a transthoracic humerus, what breathing technique should be use and why? Orthostatic breathing (shallow breaths) with a 3-5 second exposure time to blur out the ribs
Created by: rdwilliams
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