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Physical Science
Terms and Definitions for 5th grade physical science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Spring Scale | Measures the weight of an object. |
| Triple Beam Balance | Measures the mass of an object. |
| Bunsen Burner | Uses a flame to heat objects. |
| Graduated Cylinder | Used to measure liquids and their volume. |
| Meter Stick | Used to measure length in centimeters or millimeters. |
| Eyedropper | Used to measure one droplet at a time. |
| Beaker | Used to measure liquids and powders. |
| Strainer/Sieve | Separates bigger materials from smaller ones. |
| Filter | Cloth like material used to separate liquids from larger particles. |
| Waft | Fan the air to get the scent of smell. |
| Dispose | To throw away or to get rid of. |
| Procedure | Steps followed during an experiment. |
| Variable | The part of an experiment that either changes or is controlled. |
| Observation | Noticing something about the world around you. |
| Inference | Using clues to find the answer. |
| Classify | To put into groups. |
| Mass | How much matter is in something: Measured in grams using triple beam balance and pan scale. It always stays the same. Not affected by gravity. |
| Volume | How much space something takes up. Measured in liters or milliliters. A graduated cylinder can be used to measure volume. |
| Matter | Anything that takes up space. |
| Thermometer | Measures temperature. We use Celsius in science. |
| Buoyancy | Able to float because of its shape. Ex. A ball of aluminum foil will sink, shape it like a boat and it floats. |
| Density | The amount of molecules in matter that allows it to sink or float. Example: honey is more dense than oil. More dense items sink, less dense items float. |
| Weight | The measure of the pull of gravity on an object. |
| Gravity | A force that pulls towards the center of another object. |
| Physical properties | A characteristic of a substance that can be measured or observed. Use your five senses. |
| Phases of Matter/States of Matter | Solid, liquid and gas. |
| Solid | Has a definite shape and volume, tightly packed together, does not flow easily and cannot be poured from one container to another. |
| Liquid | Does not have a definite shape but does have a definite volume. Changes to the shape of its container, flows easily and can be poured filling the bottom of the container first. |
| Gas | Does not have a definite shape or volume, flows easily from one place to another, particles of gases are less tightly packed than liquids and solids and expands freely to fill any space available. |
| Evaporation | Liquid changing to a gas. |
| Condensation | Gas changing back to a liquid. Examples: Steam on a mirror after a hot shower, clouds, water droplets on the outside of a glass of ice water. |
| Magnetism | A force that can attract (pull closer) or repel (push away) magnetic materials. The magnetic metals are iron, nickel, cobalt, and steel. |
| Conductor | A material that allows electricity or heat to pass through it easily. Usually metals and even water. Ex. Aluminum, silver, platinum, iron, |
| Insulator | A material that does NOT allow electricity or heat to pass through it easily (paper, plastic, cloth, rubber, wood, Styrofoam, cardboard, glass, porcelain) |
| Attract | A force that causes objects to pull together. |
| Repel | A force that causes objects to push back or away from one another. |
| Mixture | Two or more substances that keep their own physical properties and tend to be easier to separate. Ex. Fruit salad or trail mix |
| Solution | A type of mixture in which one substance dissolves in another and tends to be more difficult to separate. Physical properties of the ingredients will change. Ex. Lemonade or salt water |
| Soluble | Able to dissolve in liquid. |
| Dissolve | To form a solution with another substance. Becomes so small you can no longer see it but it’s still there. |
| Texture | How an object feels to the touch. |
| Friction | The force in which two objects rub against each other (It causes them to heat up and slow down). |
| Force | A push or a pull. |
| Pressure | To apply a force on the surface of an object. |
| Energy | The ability to do work. |
| Mechanical Energy | Energy of motion. A combination of the kinetic and potential energy of an object. |
| Thermal Energy | Energy of heat. |
| Solar Energy | Energy produced by the Sun. |
| Light Energy | Energy in the form of waves that can travel through an empty space. |
| Sound Energy | Energy caused by vibrations. |
| Electrical Energy | Energy of moving electrons or electric charges. |
| Source/Cell/Battery | Power source of a circuit. |
| Switch | Turns a circuit on and off. Not necessary to have in a working circuit. |
| Series Circuit | An electric circuit in which electricity has only one path to take. If one light goes out or is removed, they all go out |
| Parallel Circuit | A circuit where the electricity has more than one path to take. If one light is removed the other lights may still work and may even get brighter. |
| Complete/Closed Circuit | A circuit that has a complete path for electrons to flow. The circuit will work. |
| Incomplete/Open Circuit | A circuit that does not have a complete path for electrons to flow. The circuit will not work. |
| Reflection/Reflect | The bouncing back of light waves off a surface. Ex. mirror/shiny metal, still water. |
| Refraction/Refract | The bending of light waves as they move through one medium into another. Ex. prism, looking at something through water. |
| Prism | A glass or transparent object that bends light and separates white light into the visible spectrum of colors, ROYGBIV. |
| ROYGBIV | Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The colors of the visible light spectrum |
Created by:
Mrs. Stahl
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