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Extremities Rad
Extremities
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| the hand bones that connect each of the phalanges to the carpus | metacarpals |
| any or all of the 8 small bones that make up the wrist and connect the metacarpal bones the the radius and ulna | carpals |
| small detached bones embedded in certain tendons near the joints of the hands and feet | sesamoid bones |
| a distal part of a limb; such as a finger or toe | digit |
| pleural; a small bone in a finger or toe (digit) consisting of a rounded head, a body and an extended base; singular is phalanx | phalanges |
| a position of the body at which all muscles in the human body have the lowest tension; the erect position of the body facing anteriorly with arms at the sides and palms facing anteriorly | True Anatomic Position |
| the process of the replacement of cartilage with bone tissue as an infant develops | ossification |
| the first or primary area of a bone to start the ossification process, usually developing during prenatal development an located at the center of a shaft or body of a bone | primary ossification |
| the area(s) of bone that begin the ossification process after primary ossification centers have developed, usually beginning in childhood and adolescence and located at each end of bone | secondary ossification |
| a layer of cartilage between the shaft of the bone and each epiphysis where bone growth occurs | epiphyseal line |
| the body or shaft of a bone | diaphysis |
| the largest carpal bone located in the proximal row of the wrist bones on the lateral side adjacent to the thumb | Scaphoid |
| A moon-shaped carpal bone located in the proximal row of the wrist that articulates with the radius | Lunate |
| A pea-shaped carpal bone located in the proximal row of the wrist; the smallest carpal bone | Pisiform |
| An irregularly shaped carpal bone located in the distal row of the wrist on the lateral side by the thumb | Trapezium |
| a wedge shaped carpal bone located in the distal row of the wrist | Trapezoid |
| a carpal bone located in the distal row of the wrist; also called os mangus (large bone) | Capitate |
| a carpal bone located in the distal row or the wrist with a hood-like process (hamulus) | Hamate |
| the area of bone formed by the concave anterior or distal row of carpal bones; also known as the canal or tunnel | carpal sulcus |
| a condition in which the median nerve in the wrist is compressed and/or inflamed; caused by repetitive activity straining the carpal sulcus | carpal tunnel syndrome |
| a hook shaped, bony process located on the hamate bone of the hand | hamulus |
| a joint in which the bones are freely moveable rather than fused together or allowing a small degree of movement | diarthroidial joints |
| a hinge joint between phalangeal bones | interphalangeal |
| a joint between a metacarpal bone and phalangeal bone in the finger | metacarpophalangeal |
| a joint in the wrist between the distal carpal bone and the nearest metacarpal bone | carpometacarpal |
| a joint between two carpal bones in the wrist | intercarpal |
| a joint formed by the proximal carpal bones, radius and the radioulnar disk in the wrist | radiocarpal |
| the study of bone joints | arthrology |
| a functional classification for joints that allow a limited range of movement | amphiathrosis |
| a functional classification for joints in which the bones are freely moveable | diathrosis |
| a joint in which there is no joint cavity and the two bones are connected with dense collagen tissue, also known as a fixed or immoveable joint | fibrous |
| a joint in which the two bones are connected by cartilage, thus allowing more movement | cartilaginous |
| a joint in which the ends of the bones are covered with an articular capsule and synovial fluid, allowing the most movement of any joint type | synovial |
| a type of fibrous joint in which a conical process is inserted into a socket-like portion of the bone; for example: the joint between the mandible and a tooth | gomphosis |
| a joint in which two bones are connected by hyaline cartilage allowing very little movement; an example: temporary joints found in the growth plates of long bones | synchondroses |
| fluid found in the synovial joints that reduce friction between the bones of the joint | synovial fluid |
| a type of joint that permits only flexion and extension movements; example: elbow (hinge joint) | ginglymus |
| a joint in which one bone rotates within a ring formed by the second bone, example: joint between radius and ulna (pivot joint) | trochoid |
| a joint in which a round, oval-shaped prominence is received into an elliptically shaped cavity allowing flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction (condylar joint) | ellipsoid |
| a joint in which a concave epiphysis receives another concave epiphysis perpendicular to itself, allowing flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction (saddle joint) | sellar |
| a joint in which a ball-shaped surface of the bone articulates with a depression of another bone (ball-and-socket joint) | spheroidal |
| a joint in which the head of one bone moves withing the cavity of another with a meniscus between the articulating surfaces, allowing movement in one direction with limited rotation (knee joint and temporomandibular joint) | bicondylar |
| the shorter forearm bone that runs parallel to the ulna with a gradual bend that increases in size toward the distal end and involved in the formation of the wrist joint; in true anatomic position, the radius is on the lateral side of the forearm | radius |
| the longer of the two forearm bones that is located on the medial side of the forearm when in true anatomic position; primarily involved in formation of the elbow joint | ulna |
| the articulation of the radius and ulna that is located immediately below the elbow joint; a trochoid or pivot type joint | proximal radioulnar joint |
| the articulation of the ulna and radius closes to the wrist; a pivot type joint | distal radioulnar joint |
| a pointed, bony projection located on the radius, ulna, temporal bone and third metacarpal bone, that serves as an attachment point for muscles | styloid process |
| the proximal aspect of an oval-shaped projection on the medial surface of the radius just below the neck | proximal tuberosity |
| the medial aspect of an oval-shaped projection on the medial surface of the radius just below the neck | medial tuberosity |
| a large, curved protrusion at the proximal end of the ulna that forms the point of the elbow and serves as an attachment point for the triceps tendons | olecranon |
| a large, curved protrusion; of the ulna: located at the proximal end and forms part of the articulation of the elbow joint | coronoid process |
| a shallow depression or hollow in a bone (glenoid cavity) | fossas |
| a depression on the distal humerus that receives the coronoid process of the ulna during flexion | coronoid fossa |
| a shallow depression on the distal humerus that receives the olecranon process of the ulna during extension | olecranon fossa |
| a rounded, terminal head of a bone; of the humerus: a part of the distal end of the humeral condyle that articulates with the head of the radius | capitulum |
| the portion of the humeral condyle that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna; the superior portion of the talus that articulates with the tibia and fibula | trochlea |
| the rounded projection on the end of a bone; for example: the condyle of the humerus consists of the capitulum and trochlea | condyle |
| the larger and more prominent rounded process located just above the articulations of the elbow | medial epicondyle |
| the smaller rounded process located just above the articulations of the elbow | lateral epicondyle |
| the joint between the proximal upper end of the humerus and the scapula | glenohumeral joint |
| an obliquely angled groove dividing the tuberosities of the humerus from the humeral head | anatomic neck |
| marked by grooves on the narrowing of the bone shaft; the surgical neck is lower than the anatomic neck and a common site of injury | surgical neck |
| a rough bony process lateral the the humeral anatomic neck that serves as the attachment point for muscles | greater tubercle |
| a rough bony process only having one muscular insertion situated anterior to the humeral anatomic neck | lesser tubercle |
| a shallow depression or hollow in a bone (fossa) | glenoid cavity |
| a long curved process extending laterally over the head of the humerus | acromion |
| a thick, beak-like process projecting anteriorly beneath the clavicle on the lateral edge of the scapula | coracoid process |
| the joint between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula | acromioclavicular joint |
| a joint between the medial end of the clavicle and the lateral part of the manubrium | sternoclavicular joint |
| a fat pad located almost parallel to the lateral aspect of the scaphoid; a useful radiographic sign in diagnosing scaphoid fractures | scaphoid fat stripe |
| a linear or moon-shaped fat pad radiographically visible anterior to the distal radius and ulna; a radiographic sign useful in diagnosing injury to the distal aspect of the radius or ulna | pronator fat stripe |
| small deposits of bone | osteophytes |
| a subordinate body part attached to a larger body part | appendages |
| a long bone located between the tarsal bone and the phalanx of each digit of the foot | metatarsals |
| one of seven articulating bones that make up the midfoot or hindfoot between the tibia and fibula and the metatarsals | tarsals |
| the arched part on the side of the foot formed by the 5 metatarsal bones | instep |
| the hinge joint between the middle and distal phalanges | Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP) |
| the joint between the proximal and middle phalanges | Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP) |
| the joint at the head of the metatarsal | Metatarsophalangeal (MP) Joint |
| the joint at the base of the metatarsal | Tarsometatarsal Joint (TMT) |
| the portion of the foot formed by the talus and calcaneus and the subtalar joint | hindfoot |
| the portion of the foot between the hindfoot and forefoot; formed by the navicular, cuboid and 3 cuneiform bones | midfoot |
| the section of the foot containing the metatarsal and phalangeal bones | forefoot |
| the tarsal bone that is located between the tibia and fibula and the calcaneus in the ankle mortise | talus |
| the bony arch formed by the articulation of the talus and the tibia and fibula | ankle mortise |
| the anterior and/or posterior portion of the talus that articulates with the calcaneal bone | calcaneal facets |
| the largest bone of the foot that articulates anteriorly with the cuboid and talus and superiorly with the talus; forms part of the subtalar or talocalcaneal joint | calcaneus |
| a bony projection on the upper medial aspect of the calcaneus that provides support for the head of the talus | sustentaculum tail |
| a bony rounded projection on the calcaneus that is the most posterior portion of the bone and responsible for bearing a significant amount of the weight load of the body | calcaneal tuberosity |
| a depression on the calcaneus between the posterior and middle articular facets | calcaneal sulcus |
| 3 wedge-shaped articulating bones (medial, intermediate, and lateral) between the metatarsal bones and navicular bones | cuneiforms |
| a cube-shaped, tarsal bone on the outer side of the foot that articulates with the calcaneus, lateral cuneiform bone, and the 4thand 5th metatarsals | cuboid |
| a recess cut into ta part that receives a corresponding projection on another part to form a joint | mortise |
| the distal portion of the fibula | lateral malleolus |
| distal portion of the tibia | medial malleolus |
| lower leg bone located medially near the midline of the body; also known as the shinbone | tibia |
| a rough bony prominence located anteriorly at the proximal end of the tibia that serves as an attachment for the patellar tendon | tibial tuberosity |
| a slender bone in the lower leg located laterally to the midline of the body that articulates with the tibia | fibula |
| the joint between the two condyles of the femur and the two opposing condyles of the tibia; also known as the knee joint | femorotibial joint |
| a prominence on the proximal end of the femur that receives muscles and tendons | lesser trochanter |
| the large prominence on the latter border of the upper femur palpable on the lateral border of the hip | greater trochanter |
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