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RAD 156 HESI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Computed radiography (CR) image receptors (IR) should be erased for this reason | Remove fog or unread images? |
| Calculation is used to determine grid ratio? | Height of the lead strips divided by the width of the interspace material |
| 3 identifying pieces of information important to include on each digital image? | Patient name, Patient date of birth, health care facility |
| 70 kilovolts peak (kVp) at 25 milliampere-seconds (mAs) produces 1.6 mR. | This technique produces a 2 milliroentgens (mR) exposure 70 kVp at 31.25 mAs |
| Both limiting spatial resolution (LSR) and modulation transfer function (MTF) measure this. | Spatial resolution in digital imaging |
| hospital staff use this to input x-ray orders | Hospital information system |
| Adjusts image brightness, regardless of your WACK x-ray skills | Rescaling |
| How does an increase in noise affect the quality of a digital image? | Contrast is decreased. |
| Which information in the patient history should prompt the radiographer to decide against using automatic exposure controls when taking a chest x-ray? Emphysema. Pneumothorax. Chronic bronchitis. Oat cell carcinoma. | Emphysema |
| What are recommended uses of the digital annotation tool? 1. Enter technical factors. 2. Label central ray projection. 3. Indicating date or time of the exam. 4. Label right or left side of anatomy. 5. Indicating radiographer performing the exam. | 1,2,3,5 |
| How is signal maximized to a digital image receptor? Shorter exposure time. Longer exposure time. Lower milliamperage (mA) setting. Higher source to image receptor distance (SID) value. | Longer exposure time. |
| Edge enhancement helps with this type of digital processing? | Low contrast situations. |
| In digital imaging, this is reduced with a longer exposures time (not including motion) | Image noise. |
| Reducing kVp and using a smaller collimated field size will increase this | Increase contrast |
| Part of the x-ray circuit producing the heat necessary for thermionic emission? | Filament circuit. |
| This happens if pixel bit depth is decreased? | Contrast resolution is decreased. |
| How often should lead aprons be evaluated to determine if cracks or holes are present? | Annually |
| Which standard governs communication between the system that contains the patient’s full medical information and the system that has radiology-specific data? | Health level 7 (HL-7). |
| Which pathologic condition requires a reduction in exposure factors to produce an acceptable image? Atelectasis. Emphysema. Late stage Paget's disease. Congestive heart failure (CHF). | Emphysema. |
| Function of a rectifier? | Convert alternating current to pulsating direct current. |
| Which technique mimics the use of a grid? | Increased object-to-image-receptor-distance (OID). |
| This temporarily stores an electric charge? | Capacitor |
| What is the longest field size dimension allowable for 10 inches by 12 inches collimation at a 40 inch source to image distance (SID)? 10.6 inches. 11.4 inches. 12.8 inches. 13.2 inches. | 12.8 inches. |
| Which digital post-processing technique results in a black background surrounding the original collimated edges? | Shuttering |
| The radiographer is using automatic brightness control during fluoroscopy. What change in patient exposure should the radiographer expect as the patient size increases? | Increase in exposure. |
| Which digital system can store images? | Picture archival and communication system (PACS). |
| Place these bit depths in order from the one that will produce the least number of grays to the one that will produce the greatest number of grays. 10, 14, 12, 8 | 8, 10, 12, 14 |
| Picture archiving and communication system networks are capable of performing which functions? 3. Track radiology scheduling information. 4. Download images from different imaging modalities. 5. Transmit diagnostic images to remote work stations. | 4, 5 |
| A radiographer makes an exposure using an 8:1, 100 line per inch grid. When processing the image plate (IP) through the reader, the radiographer notices that a Moire pattern is seen on the displayed image. What is the probable cause of this artifact? | The grid had a frequency similar to the reader's sampling frequency |
| Automatic exposure control (AEC) is required for PA CXR, the patient has had a right total pneumonectomy. This must be done? | Selecting only the detector on the left side. |
| Without changing any other factors, which effect is caused by decreasing the field size from 14X17 inches to 8X10 inches? | Decrease in the amount of scatter radiation within the part |
| How can magnification of the heart be reduced when performing a chest x-ray? | Use a 72-inch source-image-receptor-distance (SID). |
| An increase in which factor will improve spatial resolution (not FSS)? | Source to image receptor distance (SID). |
| Which is the most likely cause of a histogram error? | Selection of an incorrect exam from the look-up table. |
| Who judges radiographic images for quality? (Select the four that apply.) 1. Quality control technologists. 2. Ordering physicians. 3. Radiographers. 4. Radiologists. 5. Lawyers. | 1,2,3,4 |
| Exposure indicator must be reviewed with every image and must fall within the manufacturer's acceptable range | TRUE |
| Which digital communication network is used to store patient billing information? RIS. PACS. HR. HIS. | HIS. |
| Which change in technical factors is most likely to result in decreased exposure to the image receptor (IR)? | Increased grid ratio |
| Which change should be made when performing an abdomen radiograph on a patient with ascites? | Raise exposure factors. |
| A radiographer is performing a forearm exam on a patient with advanced Parkinson’s Disease. Which technical factor adjustments should be used? | Decrease the exposure time to reduce risk of patient motion |
| What is the most likely reason for the increase in quantum noise on a computed radiography (CR) image? | Lower than required milliampere-seconds (mAs). |
| X-ray machines are designed to operate at a specific and continuous supply voltage. Which part of the imaging system is responsible for keeping incoming voltage adjusted to the proper value? | Line compensator |
| Which action can improve recorded detail (not FSS)? | Increase the source-image receptor-distance (SID). |
| Which x-ray beam characteristic is reduced by adding aluminum filtration? | Quantity of x-rays. |
| Why should a radiographer routinely use a small focal spot when imaging extremities? | Increase in spatial resolution. |
| Source of electrons, electrons in high speed motion, and electrons suddenly stop | the requirements to produce X-rays |
| After the nucleus is excited during the photodisintergration process | a nuclear fragment is emitted |
| The proportion of Compton interactions increases compared to photoelectric interactions | increasing kVp and increasing photon energies |
| An 85 keV incident photon interacts with an M shell electron with a binding energy of 35 keV. The recoil electron exhibits 29 keV, and the scatter photon exhibits_______ | 56 keV |
| This type of radiation is produced after a Compton interaction | secondary |
| Compton scatter is directed at __ angle from the incident beam | Any |
| When the mass density of the absorber is _____, it results in ____ Compton scatter | increased and increased |
| The probability of photoelectric absorption occurring increases with an increase of this | atomic number of material |
| This % of the incident beam contributes to the finished image | 0.5 |
| These three things affect differential absorption | atomic #, mass density of tissue and x-ray energy (kVp) |
| Characteristic x-rays, an ionized atom and a photoelectron are by products of this | photoelectric absorption |
Created by:
drocco25
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