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PROCEDURES REVIEW
RAD PROCEDURES Worksheet Questions. May add more terms/definitions.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The vertebra prominens corresponds to the level of: | C7 |
| Air or gas that escapes into the pleural cavity results in a condition known as: | Pneumothorax |
| A PA chest radiograph reveals that the left sternoclavicular joint is closer to the spine than the right joint. What specific positioning error has been committed? | Rotation into the left anterior oblique (LAO) position |
| A well-inspired average adult chest PA projection will have a minimum of ____ posterior ribs seen above the diaphragm. | 10 |
| Which of the following muscles should be demonstrated on a well-exposed abdomen projection on an average size patient? | Psoas major |
| Which aspect of the large intestine is found between the left and right colic flexures? | Transverse Colon |
| In which of the four major quadrants of the abdomen would the gallbladder be found? | Right Upper Quadrant |
| Which term describes an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen? | Ascites |
| The iliac crest corresponds with the ____ vertebral level. | L4-L5 |
| Why is the left lateral decubitus preferred over the right lateral decubitus abdomen for an acute abdomen series? | Any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the lower liver margin. |
| Colles' Fracture | Fracture of distal radius with posterior displacement |
| Boxer's Fracture | Transverse fracture through fifth metacarpal neck |
| Smith Fracture | Fracture of distal radius with anterior displacement |
| Barton Fracture | Fracture and dislocation of posterior lip of distal radius |
| Bennett's Fracture | Fracture of base of first metacarpal |
| Which of the following shoulder projections best demonstrates the glenoid cavity in profile? | Grashey Method |
| How much CR angulation should be used for a scapular Y projection? | No CR angle should be used. |
| A radiograph of an AP clavicle reveals that the sternal extremity is partially collimated off. What should the technologist do? | Repeat the AP projection and correct collimation. |
| How many tarsal bones are found in the foot? | 7 |
| The medial malleolus is part of the: | Tibia |
| The calcaneus articulates with the talus and the: | Cuboid |
| What CR angulation is required for the AP oblique projection of the foot? | CR is perpendicular to the image receptor. |
| How much rotation from an AP position of the ankle will typically produce an AP mortise projection? | 15° to 20° |
| How much flexion of the knee is recommended for the lateral projection of the patella? | 5° to 10° or less |
| Which one of the following projections will best demonstrate signs of Osgood-Schlatter disease? | AP and lateral knee |
| For the AP weight-bearing knee projection on an average patient, the CR should be (perpendicular OR parallel) to the image receptor. | perpendicular to the image receptor. |
| Why must the lower limb be rotated 15° to 20° internally for AP hip projections? | To place the femoral neck parallel to the image receptor |
| The two bony landmarks that are palpated using the hip localization method are the: | ASIS and the symphysis pubis. |
| Where is the CR placed for an AP projection of the pelvis? | Midway between the ASIS and the symphysis pubis |
| What is the amount of abduction of the femurs recommended for an AP bilateral frog-leg projection? | 40° to 45° |
| The proper name of the method used for the unilateral frog-leg projection is the _____ method. | Modified Cleaves |
| Scoliosis is defined as an abnormal or exaggerated _____ curvature. | Lateral |
| The gonion corresponds to the vertebral level of: | C3. |
| Along with the upper incisors, what other bony landmark must be aligned for the AP open-mouth projection? | Base of skull |
| How much CR angulation is required for the AP axial projection for the cervical spine? | 15° to 20° cephalad |
| Which of the following positions will demonstrate the left intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine? | LAO |
| Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine? | Lateral |
| The chin is extended for a lateral projection of the cervical spine to: | Prevent superimposition of the mandible upon the spin |
| How much rotation of the body is required for an LAO projection of the thoracic spine (from the plane of the table)? | 70° |
| Which of the following projections will best demonstrate a compression fracture of the thoracic spine? | Lateral projection |
| Where is the CR centered for an AP axial projection of the sacrum? | 2 inches (5 cm) above the symphysis pubis |
| What is the CR angle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum? | 15 degrees cephalad |
| A patient comes to radiology for a follow-up study of the lumbar spine. The patient had a spinal fusion performed at the L3-4 level 4 months earlier. Which of the following would best demonstrate the degree of movement at the fusion site? | Lateral hyperextension and hyperflexion projections |
| How much obliquity of the body is required for posterior oblique positions for the sacroiliac joints? | 25° to 30° |
| Which ribs are considered to be true ribs? | First through seventh ribs |
| Why is the RAO sternum preferred to the LAO position? | The RAO projects the sternum over the shadow of the heart |
| How many bones make up the facial bone region? | 14 |
| Which cranial bone articulates with all the other cranial bones? | Sphenoid |
| Where does the CR exit for a modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters) projection of the facial bones? | Acanthion |
| How much skull tilt and rotation are required for the oblique inferosuperior (tangential) projection for zygomatic arches? | 15 degrees |
| How much difference is there between the OML and IOML positioning lines? | 7 to 8 degrees |
| What is the angle between the midsagittal plane and the IR for a parieto-orbital oblique projection of the optic foramen? | 53 degrees |
| Which positioning line is perpendicular to the IR for a PA projection of the mandible? | OML |
| Where should the optic foramen be located with a well-positioned parieto-orbital oblique projection of the optic foramina? | Outer, lower quadrant of the orbit |
| Which sinuses are best demonstrated with a parietoacanthial projection? | Maxillary |
| Which one of the following positioning errors most often results in a repeat exposure of a cranial position? | Rotation |
| Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the cranium? | Two inches (5 cm) superior to EAM |
| The liver is located primarily in the ____ of the abdomen. | RUQ |
| How much obliquity is required for the RAO position for the esophagus? | 35 to 40 degrees |
| The act of swallowing is termed: | Deglutition |
| Which aspect of the stomach is attached to the duodenum? | Pylorus |
| Which of the following clinical indications would mandate the use of an oral, water-soluble contrast agent? | Patient with a possible perforated bowel |
| Why would a patient undergo Valsalva maneuver during an esophagogram? | To demonstrate possible esophageal reflux |
| Patient preparation for an adult upper GI series includes: | NPO 8 hours before the procedure. |
| Which part of the large intestine is located between the rectum and the descending colon? | Sigmoid colon |
| When are small bowel series deemed to be complete? | Once the contrast media passes the ileocecal valve |
| A twisting of the intestine on its own mesentery is termed: | Volvulus |
| In what position is the patient placed for the enema tip insertion? | Modified Sims |
| Which of the following positions best demonstrates the left colic flexure? | Left anterior oblique (LAO) |
| The structural and functional unit of the kidney is: | Nephron |
| Which of the following veins is not normally used during venipuncture? a. Median cubital b. Axillary c. Cephalic d. Basilic | b. Axillary |
| What is the recommended position for a male retrograde urethrogram? | 30° right posterior oblique (RPO) |
| The outer portion of the intervertabral disk is known as: | Annulus Fibrosus |
| A large, rounded projection is called a: | Tuberosity |
| Any rounded projection of a bone is referred to as: | Tubercle |
| A cavity within a bone is described as a: | Sinus |
| The inner part of the kidney is called? The outer part of the kidney is called? | INNER- medulla OUTER- cortex |
| *For an AP projection of the thumb, the hand is turned in extreme: | INTERNAL rotation |
| *For a lateral projection of the hand, the central ray is centered: | PERPENDICULAR to the 2nd metacarpophalangeal joint |
| *For a PA projection of the wrist, the central ray is directed perpendicular to the: | midcarpal area |
| *For the AP axial projection of the clavicle, the central ray is angled: | 25-30 degrees cephalad |
| *For an axial projection of the calcaneus, the central ray enters at the: | Base of the 3rd metatarsal |
| *For a lateral projection of the ankle, the central ray is directed perpendicular to the: | Medial Malleolus |
| *For a AP projection of the ankle, the central ray is directed perpendicular to the: | Ankle joint midway between malleoli |
| *For an AP projection of the knee, the central ray is directed to what point? | ½ inch inferior to the patellar apex |
| *For a view of the intercondylar fossa of the knee, the central ray is directed: | perpendicular to the long axis of the lower leg, entering the mid-popliteal area. |
| *For an AP projection of the cervical spine, the central ray is centered at: | C4 |
| *For a lateral L5-S1 projection of the lumbar spine, the central ray is directed: | perpendicular to L5 at a point 1.5 inches anterior to the palpated spinous process of L5 and 1.5 inches inferior to the iliac crest. |
Created by:
dominic.zappitelli
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