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RAD 156 chap 5-7 rev
RAD 156 chap 5-7 review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of radiation is x-ray? A. Thermal radiation. B. RF wave radiation. C. Particulate radiation. D. Electromagnetic radiation. | D. Electromagnetic radiation. |
| Which type of radiation is produced by the interaction of an incident electron with the nucleus of a target atom? A. Gamma. B. Compton. C. Characteristic. D. Bremsstrahlung. | D. Bremsstrahlung. |
| What determines the maximum energy level of a photon of characteristic radiation? A. The speed of the incident electron. B. The energy of the incident electron. C. The mass number of the target material. D. The binding energy of the electron shell. | D. The binding energy of the electron shell. |
| What two types of ionization are predominant within the energy range of diagnostic radiography? A. Pair production and Compton. B. Pair production and Thompson. C. Photoelectric effect and Compton. D. Photoelectric effect and Thompson. | C. Photoelectric effect and Compton. |
| What three end products always result from a photoelectric effect interaction? A nucleon, a positive ion, and characteristic radiation. or A positive ion, a negative ion, and characteristic radiation. | A positive ion, a negative ion, and characteristic radiation. |
| The statement “like charges repel, unlike charges attract” represents which law of nature? A. The law of thermodynamics. B. The law of electrostatics. C. The law of Bergonié and Tribondeau. D. The law of conservation of energy. | B. The law of electrostatics. |
| A current carrying conductor that has been looped into many coils to enhance the strength of its magnetic field is called a A. solenoid. B. filament. C. transformer. D. gyro-magnet. | A. solenoid. |
| What are the two types of electromagnetic induction? A. Self induction and mutual induction. B. Self induction and relative induction. C. Relative induction and mutual induction. D. Relative induction and thermal induction. | A. Self induction and mutual induction. |
| What is the positively charged electrode of an x-ray tube? A. Anode. B. Filament. C. Focusing cup. D. Space charge compensator. | A. Anode. |
| Which half-value layer indicates the beam with the highest quality? A. 2 mm aluminum. B. 2mm lead C. 4mm aluminum. D. 4 mm lead. | D. 4 mm lead. |
| Which factors controls beam quality? A. kVp and mAs. B. mAs and SID. C. SID and filtration. D. filtration and kVp | D. filtration and kVp |
| What is the relationship between mAs and receptor exposure? A. mAs is directly proportional to receptor exposure. B. mAs is inversely proportional to receptor exposure. C. Receptor exposure is directly proportional to the square of the mAs. | A. mAs is directly proportional to receptor exposure. |
| The law of conservation of energy states B. matter and energy can neither be created nor destroyed. C. when x-radiation interacts with matter, energy is created. D. when x-radiation interacts with matter, matter is destroyed. | B. matter and energy can neither be created nor destroyed. |
| An increase in the tube current (mA) will result in A. an increase in the average energy of the photons produced. B. an increase in the quantity of x-ray photons produced. C. a proportionate decrease in the filament temperature. D. all of the above | B. an increase in the quantity of x-ray photons produced. |
| The use of higher kVp values will result in the production of photons with __________ wavelengths. A. shorter B. longer C. inverse D. no | A. shorter |
| _____________ radiation is produced when a high speed electron removes an orbital electron of the target atom and another electron fills the vacancy. A. Characteristic B. Bremsstrahlung C. Compton D. Photo-Electric | A. Characteristic |
| The free electrons around the filament form a "space charge." A. True B. False | A. True |
| An x-ray beam transferring some of its energy to matter through which it is passing best describes A. partial interaction. B. attenuation. C. absorption. D. ionization. | B. attenuation. |
| The transfer of all energy from an x-ray photon to the medium through which it is passing is best described as absorption. A. True B. False | A. True |
| After an ionizing interaction removes an electron, the atom will have an overall positive charge. A. True B. False | A. True |
| Photoelectric interaction results in ____________ of the photon energy being transferred to the orbital electron. A. some B. none C. most D. all | D. all |
| The photoelectric effect is most common in what kVp ranges? A. Very high (1 Mev and above) B. moderate (70 kVp and above) C. Low (10-70 kVp) D. Very low ( 0-10 kVp) | C. Low (10-70 kVp) |
| Compton effect is most common in what kVp ranges? A. Very high (1 Mev and above) B. moderate (70 kVp and above) C. Low D. Very low | B. moderate (70 kVp and above) |
| Which one of the following is a factor necessary for the production of X-radiation? A. A source of free protons B. A source of free electrons C. A means for measuring free electrons D. None of the above | B. A source of free electrons |
| Most x-ray tubes are equipped with A. one focal spot. B. two focal spots. C. three focal spots. D. one large focal spot and one medium focal spot. | B. two focal spots. |
| Which statement best describes the energy state of a photon that interacts by way of the photoelectric effect? A. Total energy loss B. Partial loss of energy C. Reversal of energy levels D. Energy transfer from electron to photon | A. Total energy loss |
| Which statement best describes the energy state of a photon that interacts by way of the Compton effect? A. No energy transfer B. All energy is transferred C. Reversal of energy levels D. Partial transfer of energy from photon to orbital electron | D. Partial transfer of energy from photon to orbital electron |
| Which of the four interactions is classified as true absorption? A. bremsstrahlung B. Compton scatter C. Thompson scatter D. Photoelectric effect | D. Photoelectric effect |
| An incident photon that changes direction after interacting with an atom is known as "photo-electric effect" A. True B. False | B. False |
| Compton scatter and photoelectric effect can both cause secondary ionizations. A. True B. False | A. True |
| Which of the following combinations would pose the most hazard to a particular anode? A. 0.6 mm focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs B. 0.6 mm focal spot, 85 kVp, 15 mAs C. 1.2 mm focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs D. 1.2 mm focal spot, 85 kVp, 15 mAs | A. 0.6 mm focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs |
| Excessive anode heating can cause vaporized tungsten to be deposited on the port window. This can result in 1. decreased tube output. 2. tube failure. 3. electrical arcing. A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 1 and 2 only D. 1, 2, and 3 | D. 1, 2, and 3 |
| The term windowing describes the practice of. A. varying the automatic brightness control B. changing the image contrast and/or brightness C. varying the FOV (Field of view) D. increasing resolution | B. changing the image contrast and/or brightness |
| For which of the following examinations can the anode heel effect be an important consideration? 1. Lateral thoracic spine 2. AP femur 3. Right anterior oblique (RAO) sternum A. 1 only B. 1 and 2 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3 | B. 1 and 2 only |
| Which of the following factors impact(s) spatial resolution? 1. Focal spot size 2. Subject motion 3. SOD A. 1 only B. 1 and 2 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3 | D. 1, 2 and 3 |
| The advantage to using a larger actual focal spot is a. higher exposures can be used. b. the image is less sharp. c. there is less wear and tear on the tube. d. the image is sharper. | a. higher exposures can be used. |
| The effective focal spot is the origin of the x-ray beam as seen from below the tube. actual size of the origin of the x-ray beam. actual area where the electrons hit the target. same as the actual focal spot. | origin of the x-ray beam as seen from below the tube. |
| With a rotating anode, the focal spot becomes a focal track. circle. path. stripe. | track |
| Tungsten is used to coat the anode disc because it has a high atomic number. does not conduct heat well. has a low melting point. has a low atomic number. | has a high atomic number. |
| The best situation for less heat production and a quality image is to have a: 1. small actual focal spot 2. large actual focal spot 3. small effective focal spot 2 & 3 1 & 3 1 & 2 | 2 & 3 |
| One of the reasons that molybdenum is used in rotating anodes is because it is light but strong. heavy but strong. dense but strong. an excellent conductor. | light but strong. |
| The primary advantage of a rotating anode is that it allows greater heat capacity at the anode. less heat capacity at the anode. greater heat capacity at the cathode. less heat capacity at the cathode. | greater heat capacity at the anode. |
| Molybdenum is a poor thermal conductor. is an excellent thermal conductor. is a poor conductor of electricity. is an excellent conductor of electricity. | is a poor thermal conductor. |
| The relationship between the actual focal spot size, effective focal spot size, and anode target angle is called the line-focus principle. Roentgen’s principle. all of these. the anode heel effect. | the line-focus principle. |
| The size of the actual focal spot depends on: the size of the cathode filament being used. the size of the effective focal spot. the size of the tube. the size of the anode. | the size of the cathode filament being used. |
| This interaction involves a cascade similar to dominos falling. characteristic breamsstrahlung compton none of these | characteristic |
| Characteristic photons are represented by a __________ emission spectrum and Bremsstrahlung is represented by a _____________ emission spectrum. discrete; continuous continuous; discrete thermal; kinetic quantity; quality | discrete; continuous |
| According to the line focus principle, as the target angle decrease, the _________. effective focal spot size decreases effective focal spot size increases actual focal spot size decreases actual focal spot size increases | effective focal spot size decreases |
| Which primary exposure factor influences both the quantity an quality of x-ray photons? SID mAs kVp time | kVp |
| Which type of target interaction is responsible for most of the x-rays in the diagnostic beam? breamsstrahlung characteristic thermionic emmission none of these | breamsstrahlung |
| What percentage of the kinetic energy is converted to X-rays when moving electrons strike the anode target? 1 2 5 7 | 1 |
| At 100 kVp, the radiation produced is : 15% characteristic and 85% bremsstrahlung 85% characteristic and 15% bremsstrahlung 50% characteristic and 50% bremsstrahlung 30% characteristic and 70% bremsstrahlung | 15% characteristic and 85% bremsstrahlung |
| Total filtration in the x-ray beam includes_______. A. Compensation filters B. Inherent filtration C. Added filtration B and C A and B all of these. none of these | B and C |
Created by:
drocco25
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