Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Lecture 7
Vaccines and Immunoglobulins
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Immunity definition: protection from an ___ | infectious disease |
| Vaccine definition: stimulates body's ____against diseases | immune response |
| Vaccination definition: act of introducing a vaccine into body with the purpose of _____ | producing protection from specific disease |
| Immunization definition: process through which a person becomes protected against certain disease through ___; used interchangeable with vaccination or ____ | vaccination. inoculation |
| Immunity: presence of ___to disease in ____. | antibodies, immune system |
| Antibodies definition: ____ produced by body to neutralize or destroy ___or ____ | proteins, toxins, disease carrying organisms = disease specific |
| Active immunity: exposure to disease causes immune system to produce ____to that disease. acquired through ____ | antibodies. natural immunity or vaccine-induced immunity |
| Active immunity: natural immunity definition=exposure to disease organism through ___with disease itself. Vaccine induced immunity definition=introducing ____form of disease through vaccination | infection. killed or weakened |
| Active immunity: future exposure to disease will cause immune system to ____and start producing ___to fight it. | recognize it, antibodies. Long-lasting, sometimes life-long. Takes time to develop (several weeks) |
| Passive immunity **: antibodies to disease ___rather than producing them. examples? advantage=___. Lasts only few weeks or months | given. mother to newborn thru placenta, thru antibody-containing blood products (immunoglobulin) given when immediate protection needed. immediate protection |
| Pooled Human Immunoglobulins | most commercially available IG products are isolated from pooled human serum. risk of infectious disease for pathogens that are not commonly screened. contain antibodies against common viruses --> neutralize attenuated live vaccines. Examples=RhoGam, TIG |
| How do immunizations work? mimics ___. Evokes normal immune response to ___and clear components of vaccine. Primary immune response results in ____"priming" (memory B cells are formed). "Booster" immunization results in ____and magnitude of ____ | natural infection. destroy. immunological memory. intensity and response |
| Vaccine Contraindications(should not be given)**: condition which increases risk for ____. | serious adverse reactions. |
| Generally avoid vaccine in these situations: | previous anaphylactic reaction to vaccine or its components, live vaccines in immune compromised patients or pregnant women. live vaccines with Ig products |
| Generally avoid vaccine in these situations: | live vaccines not administered simultaneously must be spaced by 28 days, specific contraindications to vaccine |
| Vaccine Resources: pink book = ____. yellow book=____. | contains info on common vaccines and the diseases they prevent. contains info about travel medicine, including vaccination requirements |
| Types of vaccines (6) | inactivated, live attenuated, mRNA, subunit/recombinant/polysaccharides/conjugate, toxoid, viral vector |
| Inactivated Vaccines: ___of agent that causes disease. Immunity ____as live vaccines. Booster shots needed to get ongoing immunity. Examples? HFPR | killed version, not as strong, hep A, flu(shot), polio(shot), rabies |
| Live attenuated Vaccines: ____form of agent that causes disease. strong, long-lasting immune response. 1-2 doses provide lifetime protection. Limitations? | weakened. people with weakened immune systems, long term health problems, organ transplant patients, must be stored cool |
| Live attenuated vaccines examples ** | MMR, rotavirus, smallpox, chickenpox, yellow fever, flutist(nasal) |
| Live attenuated vaccines contraindicated in** | immunosuppressed patients, pregnant patients, concomitantly with pooled human Ig products (look up half life for the specific Ig product to determine when the live vaccine can be given), same day or 28 days |
| mRNA Vaccines: make __ that trigger an immune response. Benefits are ____manufacturing times and no risk of ____. Example? | proteins. shorter and causing disease. Moderna (spike protein) |
| Subunit/recombinant/polysaccharides/conjugate vaccines: use specific pieces of ___(protein, sugar, capsid). strong immune response targets important parts of germ. can be used on those with ___immune systems and long term health issues. __may be needed | germ, weakened, booster shots |
| Subunit/recombinant/polysaccharides/conjugate vaccine examples | Hib, Hep B, HPV, Pertussis, Shingles, pneumococcal |
| Toxoid Vaccine: ___ toxin targets toxic activity created by germ. Immunity to parts of germ that cause disease, not the ___itself. Immune response targets ___instead of whole germ. Booster shots may be necessary. Examples? | inactivated, germ, toxin, diphtheria and tetanus |
| Viral Vector Vaccines: modified version of different virus as vector to ___. example? | provide protection. Johnson and Johnson covid-19 |
| Rabies Vaccine: HDCV=produced in ____culture. PCECV=produced in ____culture. Both contain inactivated rabies virus | human diploid cell and chick embryo cell |
| Pre Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is for ? | rabies = Animal jobs (zoo, bet, etc) |
| Human Rabies immune globulin (HRIG): administered once to ___patients exposed to rabid animal. Provides rabies virus neutralizing antibody coverage until patient responds to vaccine by ____virus neutralizing ____ | unvaccinated, actively producing, antibodies |
| Human Rabies immune globulin (HRIG): If possible, full dose of ___and into any wounds. Any remaining volume injected IM at site away from _____ | HRIG infiltrated around, first vaccine administration site |
| Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)**: prompt and directed toward local virus neutralization (____). in previously vaccinated person = ____and 4 doses of vaccine on days ___. Patients up to date with recommended PrEP schedule=two doses of ___days___ | neutralize before it reaches CNS. HRIG on day 0, days 0,3,7,14. vaccine days 0,3 |
| Tetanus Nomenclature: capital letters =____. lower case letters =____. | primary pediatric dose/formulation. lower dose for adult booster |
| Tetanus Nomenclature: DT =____. Td=_____. DTaP=_____. Tdap=_____ | primary dip and tetanus. tetanus plus dip. pediatric dip, tetanus, acellular pertussis. adult tetanus, dip, acellular pertussis. |
| Age-Appropriate Tetanus Vaccines**: children less than ___years of age receive ____. older children and adults receive____. | 7, DTaP, DT. Trap and Td |
| Age-Appropriate Tetanus Vaccines**: DTaP=infants and children ____of age. Td toxoid=patients 7-9 years and older than 65; patients who have received____previously. | 6 weeks up to 7 years. received Tdap |
Created by:
bluedolphin7
Popular Pharmacology sets