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pharm ch 38 vocab

QuestionAnswer
Antibiotic Having the ability to destroy or interfere with the development of a living organism. The term is used most commonly to refer to antibacterial drugs.
Antimicrobial stewardship A coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antibiotics, which improves patient outcomes and reduces microbial resistance.
Antiseptic One of two types of topical antimicrobial agents; a chemical that inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms without necessarily killing them. Antiseptics are also called static agents.
Bactericidal antibiotics Antibiotics that kill bacteria.
Bacteriostatic antibiotics Antibiotics that do not actually kill bacteria but rather inhibit their growth.
Beta-lactam The designation for a broad class of antibiotics that includes four subclasses penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams; so named because of the beta-lactam ring that is part of the chemical structure of all drugs in this class.
Beta-lactamase Any of a group of enzymes produced by bacteria that catalyze the chemical opening of the crucial beta-lactam ring structures in beta-lactam antibiotics.
Beta-lactamase inhibitors Medications combined with certain penicillin drugs to block the effect of beta-lactamase enzymes.
C. difficile infection A potentially necrotizing inflammatory bowel condition that is often associated with antibiotic therapy; often caused by the bacteria Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile. A more general term that is also used is antibiotic-associated colitis,
Colonization The establishment and growth of microorganisms on the skin, open wounds, or mucous membranes or in secretions without causing an infection.
Community-associated infection An infection that is acquired by persons who have not been hospitalized or had a medical procedure recently.
Cross-reactivity The potential to be allergic to a drug with a similar structure (for example, penicillins and cephalosporins).
Definitive therapy The administration of antibiotics based on known results of culture and sensitivity testing identifying the pathogen causing infection.
Disinfectant    One of two types of topical antimicrobial agents; a chemical applied to nonliving objects to kill microorganisms. Also called cidal agents.
Empiric therapy The administration of antibiotics based on the practitioner’s judgment of the pathogens most likely to be causing an apparent infection; it involves the presumptive treatment of an infection to avoid treatment delay before specific culture information has
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency An inherited disorder in which the red blood cells are partially or completely deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, a critical enzyme in the metabolism of glucose. Certain medications can cause hemolytic anemia in patients with this disorder. T
Health care-associated infection An infection that is acquired during the course of receiving treatment for another condition in a health care institution. The infection is not present or incubating at the time of admission; also known as a nosocomial infection.
Host factors Factors that are unique to a particular patient that affect the patient’s susceptibility to infection and response to various antibiotic drugs. Examples include a low neutrophil count or a lack of immunoglobulins in the blood that carry antibodies.
Infections Invasions and multiplications of microorganisms in body tissues.
Microorganisms Microscopic living organisms (also called microbes).
Prophylactic antibiotic therapy Antibiotics taken before anticipated exposure to an infectious organism in an effort to prevent the development of infection.
Slow acetylation A common genetic host factor in which the rate of metabolism of certain drugs is reduced.
Subtherapeutic Generally refers to blood levels below therapeutic levels as a result of insufficient dosing. Also refers to antibiotic treatment that is ineffective in treating a given infection. Possible causes include inappropriate drug therapy, insufficient drug dosi
Superinfection (1) An infection occurring during antimicrobial treatment for another infection, resulting from overgrowth of an organism not susceptible to the antibiotic used. (2) A secondary microbial infection that occurs in addition to an earlier primary infection,
Teratogens Substances that can interfere with normal prenatal development and cause one or more developmental abnormalities in the fetus.
Therapeutic Referring to antibiotic therapy that is given in sufficient doses so that the concentration of the drug in the blood or other tissues renders it effective against specific bacterial pathogens.
Created by: Jrachele35
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