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Ch. 1-2 Buschong
Ch. 1-2 Essential Concepts of Radiologic Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass. |
| All matter is composed of fundamental building blocks called __________. | Atoms. |
| Mass | Quantity of matter contained in any phsyical object |
| How is mass measured? | Measured in kilograms (kg). |
| Kilo | 10^3 |
| Potential energy | ability to do work by virtue of position Ex: roller coaster or stretch spring. |
| Kinetic energy | Energy of Motion (work because of motion) Ex: moving car, moving river |
| Chemical energy | Energy released by chemical reaction Ex: energy from the food we eat. |
| Electrical energy | Electrons moving through an electrical potential difference Ex: household electricity – 110 volts |
| Thermal energy (heat) | Energy of motion at the atomic and molecular level. The kinetic energy of molecules vibrating Ex: Solar energy to heat water |
| Nuclear energy | Energy contained in the nucleus of an atom Ex: nuclear electric power plants |
| Electromagnetic energy | Most important to radiology. |
| Ionizing radiation | radiation with enough energy so that during an interaction with an atom, it can remove tightly bound electrons from their orbits, causing the atom to become charged or ionized. |
| Non-ionizing radiation | is radiation without enough energy to separate molecules or remove electrons from atoms. |
| Radioactivity | spontaneous transformation of an unstable atom and often results in the emission of radiation. |
| What are the two types of Ionizing radiation? | Wave & Particle |
| Alphas | An alpha is a particle emitted from the nucleus of an atom, that contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons. It is identical to the nucleus of a Helium atom, without the electrons. |
| Betas | A beta is a high speed particle, identical to an electron, that is emitted from the nucleus of an atom |
| Gamma Rays | Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves / photons emitted from the nucleus (center) of an atom. |
| X rays | X Rays are electromagnetic waves / photons emitted not from the nucleus, but normally emitted by energy changes in electrons. |
| Natural radiation | Natural radiation accounts for approximately 300 millirem (mrem) or 3.6 mSv |
| 3 sources of environmental radiation | cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation and internally deposited radionuclides. The largest source of natural radiation is radon. |
| November 8, 1895: | Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen discovered x-rays. |
| Gray (Gy) | to measure absorbed dose ... the amount of energy actually absorbed in some material, and is used for any type of radiation and any material (ALSO USED FOR EXPOSURE) |
| Sievert (Sv) | o derive equivalent dose ... the absorbed dose in human tissue to the effective biological damage of the radiation |
| Becquerel (Bq) | to measure a radioactivity |
| Roentgen (R) | to measure exposure but only to describe for gamma and X-rays, and only in air. |
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