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neuron

QuestionAnswer
• Soma o Cell body that contains a nucleus - it is the largest part of the neuron and controls the metabolism and maintenance of the cell
• Dendrites o Look like the roots of a tree - they are responsible for first receiving the message from the other neurons and transmitting the message to the soma
• Axon o Thin fibres that carry messages in the form of an electrical impulse, away from the cell body - this information is carried as an electrical impulse known as an action potential. The end of the axon has terminal buttons that secrete neurotransmitter
myelin sheath o Some axons are coated in this which is an insulated, fatty layer that protects the axons and speeds up information (action potential)
Motor neurons (efferent) appearance • These neurons communicate messages from the CNS to particular muscles that an organism intends to move
Sensory neurons (afferent) appearance • These are neurons that carry sensory stimuli from the outside world into the CNS
Interneurons appearance • These neurons carry information between the motor and the sensory neurons in the CNS • They are important in transmitting impulses between other neurons as part of a reflex arc
Process of neural transmission 1 2 1. The dendrite receives a message and it transmits this message down the axon via an action potential which is an electrical impulse 2. This stimulates the release of neurotransmitters from the axon terminal into the synaptic gap
Process of neural transmission 3 4 3. The neurotransmitters cross the synaptic gap and are absorbed by the receptor sites on the dendrite of the post-synaptic neuron (recieving neuron) 4. This triggers a new action potential in this neuron and the process begins again
Process of neural transmission - reuptake Any excess neurotransmitters left in the synaptic gap are re-absorbed by the pre-synpatic neuron (sending neuron) through a process called reuptake eg. runners high
Created by: procrast
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