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pharm 3 notes

QuestionAnswer
Pharm Exam Three (CH 18-21) Suggestions Part One Adrenergic vs Cholinergic 18 The autonomic nervous system is yet further subdivided into parasympathetic (cholinergic) and sympathetic (adrenergic).
Inotropic 18 Positive inotropic effect    An increase in the force of contraction of the heart muscle (myocardium).
Chronotropic 18 Positive chronotropic effect    An increase in heart rate.
Dromotropic 18 Positive dromotropic effect    An increase in the conduction of cardiac electrical impulses through the atrioventricular node, which results in the transfer of nerve action potentials from the atria to the ventricles. This ultimately leads to a systoli
Epinephrine actions 18 It is considered the prototypical nonselective adrenergic agonist. At low dosages, it stimulates mostly beta1-adrenergic receptors, increasing the force of contraction and heart rate. It is also used to treat acute asthma (see Chapter 37) and anap
Teaching for client taking tamsulosin 19 1. do not disco abruptly. 2. do not use OTC w/o HPC. 3. may cause dizzy at first. 4. take 30 min after meal. Priapism may occur. 5. do not crush caps.
Carvedilol It is used primarily in the treatment of heart failure but is also beneficial for hypertension and angina.
Labetalol It is used in the treatment of severe hypertension and hypertensive emergencies to quickly lower the blood pressure before permanent damage is done.
Metoprolol Studies of metoprolol have shown increased survival in patients given the drug after they have experienced an MI.
Propranolol (also contraindicated with what condition?) In addition to the indications mentioned for metoprolol, propranolol has been used for the treatment of tachydysrhythmias associated with cardiac glycoside intoxication and for the treatment of hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxic
Pilocarpine 19 used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma.
Tolterodine 19 used for the treatment of urinary frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence caused by bladder (detrusor) overactivity
Anticholinergics prior to surgery 21 Transdermal scopolamine may be applied preoperatively to help prevent postoperative postanesthesia nausea/vomiting with application 1 hour before surgery and removed within 24 to 36 hours.
Scopolamine transdermal Transdermal scopolamine may be applied preoperatively to help prevent postoperative postanesthesia nausea/vomiting with application 1 hour before surgery and removal within 24 to 36 hours. Transdermal scopolamine may cause drowsiness, dry mouth, and blurr
Atropine it is used to treat bradycardia and ventricular asystole. Atropine is used as an antidote for anticholinesterase inhibitor toxicity or poisoning. It is also used preoperatively to reduce salivation and GI secretions, as is glycopyrrolate. Atropine is cont
Alpha blocker first dose phenomenon 19 patients can fall or pass out due to drop in BP
Sign of increasing gastrointestinal motility 19 increased gastric secretions, GI motility, and urinary frequency.
Donepezil indications & teaching 20 It is used in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Similar cholinesterase inhibitors include galantamine and rivastigmine. Rivastigmine is also approved for treating dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease.
Cevimeline therapeutic effect 20 treat excessively dry mouth (xerostomia) resulting from a disorder known as Sjögren’s syndrome
Edrophonium is given to aid in the diagnosis of: 20 used to diagnose myasthenia gravis. It can also be used to differentiate between myasthenia gravis and cholinergic crisis.
Atropine adverse effect 21 coma, tachycardia, dry mouth, polyuria, swelling of eyes
Atropine overdose assessment 19 ransient syncope, transient complete heart block, dyspnea, and orthostatic hypotension may also occur. These can be reversed promptly by the administration of atropine, a cholinergic antagonist
Risks for elderly taking anticholinergics 21 The older adult patient is extremely sensitive to the central nervous system (CNS) effects of anticholinergics, and it is not uncommon for delirium to develop because of anticholinergic effects.
Desired effect of cholinergic blocking eyedrops 21 anticholinergics cause the pupils to dilate and increase intraocular pressure
Created by: Jrachele35
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