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Trauma
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| examples of blunt force traumas? | MVA, motorcycle accidents, collisions with pedestrians, assault |
| examples of penetrating traumas? | GSW, stab, impalements, foreign body, aspiration |
| examples of heat traumas? | fire, steam, frostbite, hot water, chemicals, electricity |
| examples of explosive traumas? | pressure shock, projectiles, burns |
| when using a grid in mobile radiography: that centers on the IR | midline of the should should be more than 1-1.5 inches off transversely from CR |
| when using a grid in mobile radiography: SID | exposure outside of the recommended focal range may produce cutoff on lateral margins |
| most comprehensive, offer 24-hour care | Level 1 trauma center |
| normal BP range? | 120/80 |
| normal respiratory range? | 12-20 bpm |
| normal pulse rate? | 60-100 bpm |
| type of shock: loss of blood | hypovolemic |
| type of shock: Infection in blood | septic |
| type of shock: Injury to nervous system | neurogenic |
| type of shock: Cardiac Failure | cardiogenic |
| type of shock: anaphylaxsis | allergic |
| type of shock: mental trauma | psychological |
| dislocation of joint? | dislocation |
| displacement of bone (medial. posterior, lateral, anterior) | displacement |
| partial dislocation | subluxation |
| twisting of a joint resulting in injury to ligaments | Sprain |
| bruise type of injury without break in skin or fracture | contusion |
| disruption of bone caused by mechanical forces | fracture |
| relation between fracture fragments | apposition |
| Apex Angulation: angled AWAY from midline | Varus |
| Apex Angulation: angles TOWARD midline | Valgus |
| Fracture Types: bone does not break through skin | simple |
| Fracture Types: bone protruding through the skin | compound |
| Fracture Types: fracture does not traverse through entire bone | incomplete |
| Fracture Types: two pieces | complete |
| Fracture Types: two or more fragments | comminuted |
| Fracture Types: fragment driven into another | impacted |
| Specific name Fracture: fracture distal phalanx | Baseball |
| Specific name Fracture intra-articular fracture of distal radius, dislocation of radiocarpal joint | Barton |
| Specific name Fracture: Base of 1st metacarpal | Bennett |
| Specific name Fracture: Base of 5th metacarpal; resulting in punching someone (or in tonys case, falling into the shower) | Boxer |
| Specific name Fracture: pedicles of C2 | Hangman |
| Specific name Fracture: Posterior displacement of distal radius | Colles |
| Specific name Fracture: Anterior Displacement of distal radius | Smith |
| Specific name Fracture: proximal ulna | Monteggia |
| Specific name Fracture: bilateral malleoli | Potts |
| Specific name Fracture: fracture of radial styloid process | Hutchinson's |
| What projection can definitively tell if a patient has a trimalleolar fracture? | lateral |
| Additional Fracture: tendon or ligament | Avulsion |
| Additional Fracture: vertebral body | Compression |
| Additional Fracture: due to disease (osteoporosis) | Pathological |
| Additional Fracture: fracture lines radiate from center point | Stellate |
| Additional Fracture: repeated stress on a bone | Stress |
| Additional Fracture: medial and lateral malleoli, posterior lip of distal tibia. | Trimalleolar |
| What pathology would be demonstrated in a chest XR? | hemothorax, pneumothorax, atelectasis, foreign body |
| For line placement where is the ET tube located? | above carina |
| hyperinflation of right lung, and atelectasis of left lung | right main bronchus |
| What are the two new trauma view methods? | Coyle (elbow) Clements-Nakayama (hip) |
| To visualize the coronoid process how flexed should the elbow be? | 80 degrees, hand pronated |
| To visualize the coronoid process what is the angle of the CR and what direction does it need to go? | 45 degrees; caudad |
| To visualize the radial head, how flexed should the elbow be? | 90 degrees, hand pronated |
| To visualize the radial head what is the angle the CR needs to be and what direction does it need to go? | 45 degrees, Cephalad |
| what structures are shown the coronoid view of the Coyle method? | open joint space between trochlea and coronoid process, coronoid process is elongated and in profile, radial head is superimposed by ulna |
| what structures are shown in the radial head view of the Coyle method? | open joint space of the radial head and the capitulum; radial head, neck, and tuberosity in profile and free super imposition except small portion of coronoid process; humeral epicondyles distorted due to CR angle. |
| In the Clements-Nakayama Method, where is the CR located? | 15 degrees posterior perpendicular to femoral neck |
| T/F: When performing the Clements Nakayama projection, you should still internally rotate the affected limb. | False |
| located in clinics or other outpatient settings, provide care for minor injuries and offer stabilization | Level 4 trauma center |
| located in smaller communities, resuscitate, stabilize, assess, and prepares patients for transfer to a larger trauma center | Level 3 trauma center |
| Provides specialized care but is not a research or teaching hospital | Level 2 trauma center |
| Most common traumas include: | Falls (#1), MVA, firearms, pedestrian struck |
| normal systolic (blood pumping in) range? | 95-119 mm Hg |
| normal diastolic (blood pumping out) range? | 60-79 mm Hg |
| 4 levels of consciousness include? | 1) alert and conscious 2) drowsy but responsive 3)Unconscious but reactive to painful stimuli 4) Comatose |
| PPE: Secretions: surgical mask, gown, gloves | droplet |
| PPE: dust particles, infectious organisms, N95 or respirator | airborne |
| PPE: Direct contact: gloves and gown | Contact |
| Medical emergencies: latex, adhesive | Non Contrast |
| Medical emergencies: airway obstruction, recent surgery or trauma | Respiratory |
| Medical emergencies: head, spinal, chest, extremity, wounds, burns, shock, syncope | Trauma |
| Heart attack coronary artery becomes occluded; portion of heart becomes ischemic | Myocardial Infarction |
| Heart stops beating, patient has no pulse (CPR, Defibrillator) | Cardiac Arrest |
| When localizing a foreign object, the use of radiopaque markers should be visible when viewing: | metal, glass fragments, bullet, entrance/exit wounds |
| Specific name Fracture: isolated bone fragment not caused by tendon or ligament stress | Chip |
| Specific name Fracture: Comminuted fracture of distal phalanx | Tuft |
| bluish coloration indicating lack of oxygen | Cyanotic |
| symptoms displaying: pale, cool, & cold sweats may indicate | patient is acutely ill |
| symptoms displaying: hot, dry skin may indicate | patient has a fever |
| symptoms displaying: cool, moist skin, shaking hands, difficulty to concentrate may indicate | patient is having an anxiety attack |
| When should Rapid Response be called? | When there is a sudden change in the patients baseline condition |
| when imaging multiple body parts obtain all AP images | superiorly to inferiorly |
| when imaging multiple body parts obtain all LATERAL images | inferiorly to superiorly |
| examples of breathing distress? | wheezing, gasping, coughing/choking, hyperventilation, flat vs upright position |
| 3 types of completed fractures? | transverse, oblique, and spiral |
| 3 types of comminuted fractures? | segmental (double type), butterfly (two fragments) , splintered (thin, sharp fragments) |
Created by:
bre092795
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